Central projections ofDrosophila sensory neurons in the transition from embryo to larva

Schrader, Špela; Merritt, David J.

doi:10.1002/1096-9861(20000911)425:1<34::aid-cne4>3.0.co;2-g

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…According to the literature, dense terminal arborizations of afferent sensory axons, motor neurons and interneurons flank the long axon tracts. Sensory afferents terminate mainly ventrally (Pflüger et al, 1988; Schrader and Merritt, 2000; Zlatic et al, 2003): Tactile hairs (trichoid sensilla) and multidendritic neurons project to a ventromedial domain surrounding the VMT bundle. Terminal arbors of chordotonal organs extend dorsal of tactile projections, around the CIT bundles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal fiber tracts connecting the brain and ventral nerve cord of the early Drosophila larva

Cardona

Larsen

Hartenstein

2009

J of Comparative Neurology

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Using a combination of dye injections, clonal labeling, and molecular markers we have reconstructed the axonal connections between brain and ventral nerve cord of the first instar Drosophila larva. Out of the approximately 1400 neurons that form the early larval brain hemisphere, less than 50 cells have axons descending into the ventral nerve cord. Descending neurons fall into four topologically defined clusters located in the antero-medial, antero-lateral, dorsal, and baso-posterior brain, respectively. The antero-lateral cluster represents a lineage derived from a single neuroblast. Terminations of descending neurons are almost exclusively found in the anterior part of the ventral nerve cord, represented by the gnathal and thoracic neuromeres. This region also contains small numbers of neurons with axons ascending into the brain. Terminals of the ascending axons are found in the same basal brain regions that also contain descending neurons. We have mapped ascending and descending axons to the previously described scaffold of longitudinal fiber tracts that interconnect different neuromeres of the ventral nerve cord and the brain. This work provides a structural framework for functional and genetic studies addressing the control of Drosophila larval behavior by brain circuits.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal fiber tracts connecting the brain and ventral nerve cord of the early Drosophila larva

Cardona

Larsen

Hartenstein

2009

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…There, putative dendritic compartments of TH neurons mainly localize to lateral longitudinal and to transversal projections adjacent to the main output site of several afferent sensory neurons, e.g. tactile and proprioreceptive neurons [19], [21], [104]. Thus, some TH neurons may receive synaptic input from specific sensory neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroarchitecture of Aminergic Systems in the Larval Ventral Ganglion of Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2008

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Biogenic amines are important signaling molecules in the central nervous system of both vertebrates and invertebrates. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, biogenic amines take part in the regulation of various vital physiological processes such as feeding, learning/memory, locomotion, sexual behavior, and sleep/arousal. Consequently, several morphological studies have analyzed the distribution of aminergic neurons in the CNS. Previous descriptions, however, did not determine the exact spatial location of aminergic neurite arborizations within the neuropil. The release sites and pre-/postsynaptic compartments of aminergic neurons also remained largely unidentified. We here used gal4-driven marker gene expression and immunocytochemistry to map presumed serotonergic (5-HT), dopaminergic, and tyraminergic/octopaminergic neurons in the thoracic and abdominal neuromeres of the Drosophila larval ventral ganglion relying on Fasciclin2-immunoreactive tracts as three-dimensional landmarks. With tyrosine hydroxylase- (TH) or tyrosine decarboxylase 2 (TDC2)-specific gal4-drivers, we also analyzed the distribution of ectopically expressed neuronal compartment markers in presumptive dopaminergic TH and tyraminergic/octopaminergic TDC2 neurons, respectively. Our results suggest that thoracic and abdominal 5-HT and TH neurons are exclusively interneurons whereas most TDC2 neurons are efferent. 5-HT and TH neurons are ideally positioned to integrate sensory information and to modulate neuronal transmission within the ventral ganglion, while most TDC2 neurons appear to act peripherally. In contrast to 5-HT neurons, TH and TDC2 neurons each comprise morphologically different neuron subsets with separated in- and output compartments in specific neuropil regions. The three-dimensional mapping of aminergic neurons now facilitates the identification of neuronal network contacts and co-localized signaling molecules, as exemplified for DOPA decarboxylase-synthesizing neurons that co-express crustacean cardioactive peptide and myoinhibiting peptides.

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“…However, in part because of its lower complexity, the larval brain has become a promising model system to address problems of neural structure and development, neural function, and behavior. Most of the individual larval sensory organs (sensilla), muscles, and motor neurons have been reconstructed at single cell resolution (Ghysen et al, 1993; Hartenstein, 1988; Kim et al, 2009; Landgraf et al, 2004; Liu et al, 2003; Johansen et al, 1989; Kwon et al, 2011; Ramaekers et al, 2005; Schrader and Merritt, 2000; Sink and Whitington, 1991; Sprecher et al, 2011; Vactor et al, 1993) and their role in locomotory circuits is being established (Caldwell et al, 2003; Choi et al, 2004; Kohsaka et al, 2012). For some interneurons, including the projection neurons of the antennal lobe, the olfactory input and higher brain targets have also been mapped, and sophisticated learning paradigms are well established (Colomb et al, 2007; Gerber and Stocker, 2007; Masuda-Nakagawa et al, 2005; 2009; Python and Stocker, 2002; Schleyer et al, 2011; Selcho et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lineage-associated tracts defining the anatomy of the Drosophila first instar larval brain

Hartenstein

Younossi-Hartenstein

Lovick

et al. 2015

Developmental Biology

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Fixed lineages derived from unique, genetically specified neuroblasts form the anatomical building blocks of the Drosophila brain. Neurons belonging to the same lineage project their axons in a common tract, which is labeled by neuronal markers. In this paper, we present a detailed atlas of the lineage-associated tracts forming the brain of the early Drosophila larva, based on the use of global markers (anti-Neuroglian, anti-Neurotactin, Inscuteable-Gal4>UAS-chRFP-Tub) and lineage-specific reporters. We describe 68 discrete fiber bundles that contain axons of one lineage or pairs/small sets of adjacent lineages. Bundles enter the neuropil at invariant locations, the lineage tract entry portals. Within the neuropil, these fiber bundles form larger fascicles that can be classified, by their main orientation, into longitudinal, transverse, and vertical (ascending/descending) fascicles. We present 3D digital models of lineage tract entry portals and neuropil fascicles, set into relationship to commonly used, easily recognizable reference structures such as the mushroom body, the antennal lobe, the optic lobe, and the Fasciclin II-positive fiber bundles that connect the brain and ventral nerve cord. Correspondences and differences between early larval tract anatomy and the previously described late larval and adult lineage patterns are highlighted. Our L1 neuro-anatomical atlas of lineages constitutes an essential step towards following morphologically defined lineages to the neuroblasts of the early embryo, which will ultimately make it possible to link the structure and connectivity of a lineage to the expression of genes in the particular neuroblast that gives rise to that lineage. Furthermore, the L1 atlas will be important for a host of ongoing work that attempts to reconstruct neuronal connectivity at the level of resolution of single neurons and their synapses.

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Central projections ofDrosophila sensory neurons in the transition from embryo to larva

Cited by 46 publications

References 40 publications

Neuronal fiber tracts connecting the brain and ventral nerve cord of the early Drosophila larva

Neuronal fiber tracts connecting the brain and ventral nerve cord of the early Drosophila larva

Neuroarchitecture of Aminergic Systems in the Larval Ventral Ganglion of Drosophila melanogaster

Lineage-associated tracts defining the anatomy of the Drosophila first instar larval brain

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