Central serous chorioretinopathy: An update on risk factors, pathophysiology and imaging modalities

Abstract

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Bullous Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Rare and Atypical Form of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. A Systematic Review

“…Choroidal vascular dysfunction is a crucial feature in the bCSCR pathophysiology, as in CSCR [ 1 ]. In particular, marked congestion and breakdown in the choroidal vessel’s permeability alter RPE, damaging RPE outer blood-retina barrier [ 1 ]. Subsequently, proteins and fibrinogen leaks, thus a PED and/or a subretinal exudation occur [ 1 ].…”

“…In particular, marked congestion and breakdown in the choroidal vessel’s permeability alter RPE, damaging RPE outer blood-retina barrier [ 1 ]. Subsequently, proteins and fibrinogen leaks, thus a PED and/or a subretinal exudation occur [ 1 ]. Both chronic CSCR and bCSCR shows pachychoroid feature as outer choroidal vessel dilation, inner choroid atrophy, and choroidal hyperpermeability; however, to date, the mechanism responsible for bCSCR development is still unclear [ 1 , 14 ].…”

“…Subsequently, proteins and fibrinogen leaks, thus a PED and/or a subretinal exudation occur [ 1 ]. Both chronic CSCR and bCSCR shows pachychoroid feature as outer choroidal vessel dilation, inner choroid atrophy, and choroidal hyperpermeability; however, to date, the mechanism responsible for bCSCR development is still unclear [ 1 , 14 ]. It has been speculated that sub-EPR fibrin and increased hydrostatic pressure internal to PED provoke circumferential traction on the RPE layer and a subsequent RPE tear [ 6 ].…”

“…Bullous central serous chorioretinopathy (bCSCR) is a rare and atypical form of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) [ 1 ]. It was firstly described by Gass in 1973 [ 2 ].…”

“…When a PED evolves into retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear, an exudative retinal detachment (ERD) may develop, becoming a clinical challenge [ 3 ]. Thus, bCSCR can be misdiagnosed as a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) or an ERD, secondary to other pathologies such as Harada’s disease [ 1 ].…”