Central serous chorioretinopathy and risk for obstructive sleep apnea

Abstract

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), in comparison to controls, have increased levels of circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine, both of which are risk factors for the development of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the frequency of symptoms that suggest OSA in CSCR patients and normal controls. The Berlin Questionnaire, a validated research tool to assess risk for OSA, was administered to 29 patients who met the criteria for active, acute, non-steroid-induced CSCR and 29 controls matched for age and sex. In this retrospective case-controlled study, the main outcome measure was increased risk for OSA. The mean age of the patients was 47.8 years (range 29-72) and the mean age of controls was 47.3 years (range 25-70). Seventy-six percent (22) of both groups were men. Survey scores showed 58.6% (17) of patients with CSCR to be at an increased risk for OSA compared to 31.0% (nine) of controls. A conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the CSCR group had a higher proportion with an increased risk for OSA compared to the control group (odds ratio=3.67; 95% CI: 1.02, 13.14; P = 0.046). Patients with CSCR may be more likely than other adults to have OSA, and screening for this sleep disorder should be considered in this population. Further research is warranted to determine whether sleep apnea may contribute to the development of CSCR, and to assess whether treatment of sleep apnea might offer a new therapeutic option for some patients with CSCR.

Therapeutic benefit of melatonin in refractory central serous chorioretinopathy

“…Five patients with chronic CSCR served as a control group. The mean age of control patients was 44 years old (range, [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53], with the woman/man ratio being 1 : 4. The number of right and left eyes studied was also similar (3 right eyes and 2 left eyes).…”

Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. A Longitudinal Study

“…Although OSA has been associated with several other ocular pathologies in patients without diabetes (36)(37)(38)(39)(40), changes similar to DR have not been described in patients with OSA without diabetes, suggesting that the presence of hyperglycemia is mainly responsible for the development of DR but that OSA might contribute to the progression of the disease. This is supported by our data showing that the higher prevalence of DR in patients with OSA than in those without OSA in our study was driven mainly by a higher prevalence of advanced DR but that the prevalence of background DR (or early DR) was similar in patients with and without OSA, suggesting that OSA contributes to the progression rather than the development of the disease.…”

Three-dimensional imaging by spectral domain optical coherence tomography in central serous chorioretinopathy with fibrin

“…Elevated circulating cortisol and epinephrine are involved in the pathogenesis of CSCR [1,2]. Indocyanine green angiography highlighted the importance of the choroidal circulation in the pathogenesis of CSCR [3].…”