Central vestibular syndrome in a red fox (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) with presumptive right caudal cerebral artery ischemic infarct and prevalent midbrain involvement

Abstract

A wild young male red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was found in the mountainous hinterland of Rome (Italy) with a heavily depressed mental status and unresponsive to the surrounding environment. Neurological examination revealed depression, left circling, right head tilt, ventromedial positional strabismus and decreased postural reactions on the left side. Neurological abnormalities were suggestive of central vestibular syndrome. Two consecutive MRIs performed with 30 days interval were compatible with lacunar ischemic infarct in the territory of right caudal cerebral artery and its collateral branches. The lesion epicentre was in the right periaqueductal portion of the rostral mesencephalic tegmentum. Neuroanatomical and neurophysiological correlation between lesion localization and clinical presentation are discussed.

CT Findings and Histological Evaluation of Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) with Chronic Head Trauma Injury: A Retrospective Study

“…Seizures can occur after head trauma injury in dogs and even in some idiopathic, infectious or congenital conditions [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. In a fox, a central vestibular syndrome after ischemic infarct of the right caudal artery has been reported [ 15 ].…”

Multidetector Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Lungs in the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)

“…All sea turtles have multichambered lungs that are relatively complex as compared with other reptiles (Boylan et al, 2017). Nowadays, with the availability of advanced imaging in veterinary practices, wildlife medicine has increased its diagnostic potential to levels almost comparable to companion animal medicine (Głodek et al, 2016;Ricciardi et al, 2017;Gumpenberger 2017). In this scenario, there is an increased need for a detailed computed tomography (CT) background of the anatomy in healthy animals, which would aid in the interpretation of pathologic conditions found in sea turtles.…”