Central vs. peripheral administration of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate in rats: Effects on lever pressing and response initiation

McLaughlin, Peter; Chuck, Trisha L.; Arizzi-LaFrance, Maria N.; Salamone, John D.; Correa, Mercè

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2008.01.002

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In addition, the acute EtOH challenges decreased food-maintained responding in all rats independent of CIE exposure. These findings are consistent with previous findings that demonstrate reduced response rates after acute EtOH or its metabolites in ethanol-naïve rats [74], [75]. These findings also demonstrate that CIE exposure (in adolescence or adulthood) has no long-term effects on food-motivated responding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Long-Term Effects of Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure in Adolescent and Adult Rats: Radial-Arm Maze Performance and Operant Food Reinforced Responding

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAdolescence is not only a critical period of late-stage neurological development in humans, but is also a period in which ethanol consumption is often at its highest. Given the prevalence of ethanol use during this vulnerable developmental period we assessed the long-term effects of chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure during adolescence, compared to adulthood, on performance in the radial-arm maze (RAM) and operant food-reinforced responding in male rats.Methodology/Principal FindingsMale Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to CIE (or saline) and then allowed to recover. Animals were then trained in either the RAM task or an operant task using fixed- and progressive- ratio schedules. After baseline testing was completed all animals received an acute ethanol challenge while blood ethanol levels (BECs) were monitored in a subset of animals. CIE exposure during adolescence, but not adulthood decreased the amount of time that animals spent in the open portions of the RAM arms (reminiscent of deficits in risk-reward integration) and rendered animals more susceptible to the acute effects of an ethanol challenge on working memory tasks. The operant food reinforced task showed that these effects were not due to altered food motivation or to differential sensitivity to the nonspecific performance-disrupting effects of ethanol. However, CIE pre-treated animals had lower BEC levels than controls during the acute ethanol challenges indicating persistent pharmacokinetic tolerance to ethanol after the CIE treatment. There was little evidence of enduring effects of CIE alone on traditional measures of spatial and working memory.Conclusions/SignificanceThese effects indicate that adolescence is a time of selective vulnerability to the long-term effects of repeated ethanol exposure on neurobehavioral function and acute ethanol sensitivity. The positive and negative findings reported here help to further define the nature and extent of the impairments observed after adolescent CIE and provide direction for future research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Long-Term Effects of Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure in Adolescent and Adult Rats: Radial-Arm Maze Performance and Operant Food Reinforced Responding

et al. 2013

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“…The high sensitivity of infant rats to the locomotor stimulating effect of ethanol may be a result of competition between mechanisms that regulate the excitatory and depressive effects of the drug. Ethanol-induced locomotor sedation seems to be related to the peripheral metabolism of the drug (Carmichael et al, 1991; McLaughlin et al, 2008), which is known to be relatively low in the infant rat (Hollstedt et al, 1980; Kelly et al, 1987). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic tolerance to the locomotor stimulating effect of ethanol in preweanling rats as a function of social stress

Arias

Revillo

Spear

2012

Alcohol

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During early stages of development rats are highly sensitive to the locomotor stimulating effect of relatively high ethanol doses, an effect strongly modulated by social stress. This ethanol effect can be modulated by pharmacological treatments that also can attenuate the development of ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization in mice. By the end of the preweanling period the mechanisms underlying sensitization induced by psychostimulants are functional. The aim of the present study was to analyze the locomotor response to ethanol in preweanling rats as a function of repeated exposure to the drug under two different social conditions. Subjects were treated with ethanol between postnatal days 15 and 18 after being isolated for four hours (Experiment 1a) or simply residing in their home-cage (Experiment 1b). After two days of withdrawal locomotor response to ethanol was assessed in both social conditions. In Experiment 2 naïve rats were tested in terms of ethanol-induced activation of the locomotor response in both social conditions. Results from the present study showed no evidence of locomotor sensitization in preweanling rats in any of the social conditions. Instead we observed behavioral tolerance to the stimulating effect of ethanol in animals trained in the home-cage condition, in which subjects trained with ethanol showed sedation in response to ethanol at testing. Overall these results contribute to the understanding of the sensitivity of rats to the acute and chronic locomotor response to ethanol in an ontogenetic period characterized by high sensitivity to ethanol.

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“…Peripheral ethanol metabolism is faster in older than younger preweanling rats (Hollstedt et al, 1980; Kelly et al, 1987). Peripheral ethanol metabolites, such as acetate, seem to modulate partially the sedative effects of ethanol (Carmichael et al, 1991; McLaughlin et al, 2008). Since peripheral ethanol metabolism is progressively increasing during the preweanling period and into adolescence, it is plausible that the sedative effects of ethanol are more marked in adult rats than in preweanlings, and these effects could be masking the stimulating effects of ethanol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol induces locomotor activating effects in preweanling Sprague-Dawley rats

Arias

Mlewski

Molina

et al. 2009

Alcohol

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Drugs of abuse exert biphasic motor activity effects, which seem to be associated with their motivational effects. In the case of ethanol, heterogenous rat strains appear to be particularly sensitive to the sedative effects of the drug. In contrast, ethanol’s activating effects have been consistently reported in rats genetically selected for ethanol affinity. Heightened ethanol affinity and sensitivity to ethanol’s reinforcement are also observed in non-selected rats during early ontogeny. In the present study we examined psychomotor effects of ethanol (1.25 and 2.5 g/kg) in 8, 12 and 15-day-old pups. Motor activity in a novel environment was assessed 5–10 or 15–20 minutes following drug treatment. Rectal temperatures and latency to exhibit the righting reflex were recorded immediately after locomotor activity assessment. Ethanol exerted clear activating effects at 8 and 12 days of age (Experiments 1a and 1b) and to a lesser extent at 15 days. At this age ethanol enhanced locomotor activity in the first testing interval (Experiment 1b) and suppressed locomotion at 15–20 minutes (Experiment 1a). Ethanol-mediated motor impairment was more pronounced in the youngest group (PD 8) than in the older ones. Blood ethanol concentrations were equivalent in all age groups. The present study indicates that preweanling rats are sensitive to ethanol’s stimulating effects during the second postnatal week, and suggest that specific periods during early ontogeny of the rat can provide a valuable framework for the study of mechanisms underlying ethanol’s stimulation and reinforcement effects.

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Central vs. peripheral administration of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate in rats: Effects on lever pressing and response initiation

Cited by 20 publications

References 41 publications

Long-Term Effects of Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure in Adolescent and Adult Rats: Radial-Arm Maze Performance and Operant Food Reinforced Responding

Long-Term Effects of Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure in Adolescent and Adult Rats: Radial-Arm Maze Performance and Operant Food Reinforced Responding

Chronic tolerance to the locomotor stimulating effect of ethanol in preweanling rats as a function of social stress

Ethanol induces locomotor activating effects in preweanling Sprague-Dawley rats

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