Centrality dependence of kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity in high energy nuclear collisions

Waqas, M.; Liu, Fu‐Hu

doi:10.1007/s12648-021-02058-5

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In [10,54,55], T 0 is increasing from central to peripheral collisions. Our present work is inconsistent with [10,54,55], but consistent with [15,45,56] which gives larger T 0 in central collisions. Both the above mentioned school of thoughts about the trend T 0 has their own explanations.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…In the present work we have used the least square method with different conditions. We have used slightly lager T 0 and β T in central collisions and obtained larger T 0 in central collisions as compared to peripheral collisions, and the same conditions with the same method is used in [15,45,56]. Furthermore, the present work used n 0 =1 which is in close resemblance with hydrodynamic profile as mentioned in [66].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Except the soft and hard p T regions, there also exists the very soft and very hard p T regions. The detail of the four p T regions can be found briefly in [45]. The p T region of p T < 0.2-0.3 is considered to be the very soft region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of kinetic freeze out temperature and transverse flow velocity in nucleus-nucleus and proton-proton collisions at same center of mass energy

Waqas,

Peng,

Wazir

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Transverse momentum spectra of different types of identified charged particles in central Gold-Gold (Au-Au) collisions, and inelastic (INEL) or non-single-diffrative (NSD) proton-proton (pp) collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), as well as in central and peripheral Lead-Lead (Pb-Pb) collisions, and INEL or NSD pp collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are analyzed by the blast wave model with Tsallis statistics. The model results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data measured by STAR, PHENIX and ALICE Collaborations in special transverse momentum ranges. Kinetic freeze out temperature and transverse flow velocity are extracted from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles. It is shown that kinetic freeze out temperature of the emission source depends on mass of the particles, which reveals the mass differential kinetic freeze out scenario in collisions at RHIC and LHC. Furthermore, the kinetic freeze out temperature and transverse flow velocity in central nucleus-nucleus (AA) collisions are larger than in peripheral collisions, and both of them are slightly larger in peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions or almost equivalent to that in pp proton-proton collisions at the same center of mass energy which shows their similar thermodynamic nature.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Analysis of kinetic freeze out temperature and transverse flow velocity in nucleus-nucleus and proton-proton collisions at same center of mass energy

Waqas,

Peng,

Wazir

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…5 GeV/c which involves the resonance production that is not described by the model, but one can read ref. [17,18] for more details of very soft and very hard processes. Generally, the soft excitation process is distributed in a narrow p T range of less than 2-3 GeV/c or a little more, and mostly light flavor particles are produced in this region.…”

Section: Formalism and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of different scenarios in different temperatures in small and large collision systems

Waqas¹,

Liu²,

Peng³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We used the modified Hagedron function and analyzed the experimental data measured by the BRAHMS, STAR, PHENIX and ALICE Collaborations in Copper-Copper, Gold-Gold, deuteron-Gold, Lead-Lead, proton-Lead and proton-proton collisions, and extracted the related parameters (kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, kinetic freeze-out volume, mean transverse momentum and initial temperature) from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles (non-strange and strange particles). We observed that all the above parameters decrease from central to peripheral collisions, except transverse flow velocity which remains unchanged from central to peripheral collisions. The kinetic freeze-out temperature depends on the cross-section interaction of the particle such that larger cross-section of the particle corresponds to smaller T0, and reveals the two kinetic freeze-out scenario, while the initial temperature depends on the mass of the particle and it increase with the particle mass. The transverse flow velocity and mean transverse momentum depends on the mass of the particle and the former decrease while the later increase with the particle mass. In addition, the kinetic kinetic freeze-out volume also decrease with particle mass which reveals the volume differential freeze-out scenario and indicates different freeze-out surfaces for different particles. We also extracted the entropy index-parameter n and the parameter N0, and the former remains almost unchanged while the later decrease from central to peripheral collisions. Furthermore, the kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, kinetic freeze-out volume, initial temperature, mean transverse momentum and the parameter N0 at LHC are larger than that of RHIC, and they show their dependence on the collision cross-section as well as on collision energy at RHIC and LHC.

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“…There are two schools of thought. (1) T 0 increase decrease from the central to peripheral collisions [18][19][20][21] and (2) T 0 increase from the central to peripheral collisions [22,23]. Both have their own explanations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Proton, Deuteron, and Triton at 54.4 GeV

Waqas

Peng

2021

Advances in High Energy Physics

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Transverse momentum spectra of proton, deuteron, and triton in gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions at 54.4 GeV are analyzed in different centrality bins by the blast wave model with Tsallis statistics. The model results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data measured by STAR Collaboration in special transverse momentum ranges. We extracted the kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, and freeze-out volume from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles. It is observed that the kinetic freeze-out temperature is increasing from the central to peripheral collisions. However, the transverse flow velocity and freeze-out volume decrease from the central to peripheral collisions. The present work reveals the mass dependent kinetic freeze-out scenario and volume differential freeze-out scenario in collisions at STAR Collaboration. In addition, parameter q characterizes the degree of nonequilibrium of the produced system, and it increases from the central to peripheral collisions and increases with mass .

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Centrality dependence of kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity in high energy nuclear collisions

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Analysis of kinetic freeze out temperature and transverse flow velocity in nucleus-nucleus and proton-proton collisions at same center of mass energy

Analysis of kinetic freeze out temperature and transverse flow velocity in nucleus-nucleus and proton-proton collisions at same center of mass energy

Observation of different scenarios in different temperatures in small and large collision systems

Study of Proton, Deuteron, and Triton at 54.4 GeV

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