The distributed system has the characteristics of small scale, strong dynamics, and has an impact on both supply and demand. It plays a very important role in solving complex problems. In this paper, a mathematical model of hybrid task scheduling algorithm is established based on the consideration of profit maximization and uncertainty constraints in cooperative game among enterprises. Firstly, this paper studies the hybrid scheduling problem, then introduces the game model, and then studies the application of hybrid task scheduling algorithm. On this basis, the structure of distributed system is designed and the model is tested. Finally, the test results are shown. Under the optimization of hybrid task scheduling algorithm, the distributed system has improved the worst result and stability to a certain extent, and the improvement degree is great. The improvement effect of load balance degree is obvious and the stability is higher.