Centri‐Voltammetric Folic Acid Detection

Abstract

The need for practical detection of folic acid (FA) has been increased day by day. For this reason in this work, a two steps electroanalytical technique, centri‐voltammetry was utilized for FA detection for the first time. In order to get rid of the slow electrode kinetics of FA oxidation, the working electrode was modified with graphene‐Pt hibrid nanomaterial. Also for increasing the sensitivity, 1‐Chloro‐2‐[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy) ethoxy]ethane (TEG−Cl) and 1,2‐di{2‐[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy] ethoxy}‐4‐nitrobenzene (4NC−NO2) was used as a carrier material. After the characterization of graphene‐Pt hybrid nanomaterial, experimental parameters like, 4NC−NO2 amount, adsorption time, centri‐voltammetric parameters like centrifuge time and speed were optimized. After that, analytical characteristics such as linear range, relative standard deviation (R.S.D), limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were found. In this manner, linear range was obtained for FA between 1.0 μM–1000 μM with the equations of y=0.0108x+1.0459 (R2=0.9977). R.S.D value was calculated for 0.83 mM FA (n=3) as 1.86 % while LOD and LOQ values were found as 1.00 μM and 3.34 μM respectively. After the examination of interference effect of substances like ascorbic acid and uric acid, established centri‐voltammetric technique was enforced for FA detection in pharmateutical tablets. As a result, the recovery value was calculated as 96.4 %.

Fluorescent Carbon Dots as Biosensor, Green Reductant, and Biomarker

“…FA plays a crucial role in the formation of red blood cells, body growth, and prevention of anemia. 37 − 39 As a significant biomolecule, the deficiency of FA leads to a number of chronic diseases including stroke, heart attack, psychosis, mentality devolution, neural tube disorder, and so forth, and a high dose may cause pernicious anemia. 40 , 41 Carbon dots derived from chemical precursors are explored by some researchers to trace this analyte.…”

“…M-CDs could detect folic acid, also known as vitamin B 9 , belonging to the group of water-soluble B group vitamins, with high specificity and sensitivity. FA plays a crucial role in the formation of red blood cells, body growth, and prevention of anemia. − As a significant biomolecule, the deficiency of FA leads to a number of chronic diseases including stroke, heart attack, psychosis, mentality devolution, neural tube disorder, and so forth, and a high dose may cause pernicious anemia. , Carbon dots derived from chemical precursors are explored by some researchers to trace this analyte. Li et al have reported the synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) for assaying FA by using citric acid and the ethylene imine polymer as precursors .…”

Centri‐Voltammetric GSH Detection with PDI‐C4SH as a Carrier Material

“…Generally in centri‐voltammetry, the analyte is accumulated onto the electrode surface via centrifugation and then immediate voltammetric scan is applied. In order to obtain more efficient deposition of the analyte, sometimes a suitable carrier has also been used [48,49] . As a result more sensitive analysis has been done [50–53] .…”

“…However, at high centrifuge speeds, this situation can have the opposite effect and can cause the disintegration of the resulting film and as a result movement of the analyte away from the electrode surface. After adsorption procedure for 7 min, in order to investigate this effect, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 rpm of the centrifugation speeds were applied to the centri‐voltammetric cell that contained 5 mM GSH, 1 μL PDI−C 4 SH carrier molecule for 4 min [48] . As a result, the maximum peak current was obtained at 4000 rpm where a decrease in the peak current was detected at higher centrifuge speeds because of the analyte dissipation from the active electrode surface (Figure 4c,d).…”

“…In order to obtain more efficient deposition of the analyte, sometimes a suitable carrier has also been used. [48,49] As a result more sensitive analysis has been done. [50][51][52][53] In the present work, centri-voltammetry was again attained for GSH detection.…”