Centrifugal Contactors for Laboratory-Scale Solvent Extraction Tests

Leonard, R. A.; Chamberlain, David B.; Conner, C.

doi:10.1080/01496399708003194

Cited by 47 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The Cs/Na and Cs/K selectivities are excellent, and are in the range expected (10 4 and 10 2 , respectively) for the calixarene-crown ether. The agreement between the sodium distribution ratios measured by 22 Na tracer and the values obtained using ICAP is good and helps to validate the ICAP distribution data.…”

Section: Chemical Stability Process Development and Cesium Selectivmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The 137 Cs radiotracer used for spiking the waste simulants was obtained as 137 CsCl in 1M HC1 from Amersham (Arlington Heights, IL) and was used as received. The 22 Na radiotracer was obtained as 22 NaCl in water from Isotope Products Laboratories (Burbank, CA) and was used as received.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detection limits for Al, B, Fe, Hg, K, and Na correspond to D A[ < 8.4 χ 10" 6 , D B < 1.7 χ 1(T 4 , D Fe < 2.4 χ 10" 5 , £> Hg < 5.0 χ 10" 4 , D K < 2.7 χ 10" 5 , and £>Na < 3.8 χ 10" 6 . The completeness of the metal ion stripping from the solvent using this method was validated by measuring the sodium distribution by 22 Na tracer in polypropylene vials. The sodium distribution values obtained using the tracer method were only 10-14% higher than the values obtained using ICAP, which, given an experimental uncertainty of ±5% in the distribution ratio obtained using either method, is reasonably good agreement.…”

Section: Contacting and Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to good engineering, the use of centrifugal contacting equipment allows rapid turnover of the solvent, minimal solvent inventory, and because of the short contact times, minimal exposure of the solvent to high radiation fields, thus decreasing losses of the (calixarene-crown ether) extractant by radiolytic degradation (21)(22)(23). Solvent and extractant losses due to entrainment are also minimized due to the forces developed in centrifugal contactors that separate the solvent and aqueous phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Development of Process Chemistry for the Removal of Cesium from Acidic Nuclear Waste by Calix[4]arene-crown-6 Ethers

Bonnesen

Haverlock

Engle

et al. 2000

ACS Symposium Series

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A solvent suitable for extracting cesium from acidic nitrate media, such as that stored at the U.S. Department of Energy's Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), has been developed. The solvent possesses good chemical stability, displays excellent cesium selectivity, and provides good extraction and stripping performance with satisfactory phase-coalescence behavior. The calix[4]arene-crown-6 ether used in this solvent (1,3-alt-bis-n-octyloxycalix[4]arene-benzo-crown-6) was selected from a series of mono-and bis-crown-6 derivatives of 1,3-alternate calix [4]arenes that were shown to possess good stability to a simulant of INEEL's Sodium Bearing Waste (SBW). Calixarene -benzo crown ethers possessing an alkyl substituent at the 4-position of the benzocrown, such as calix[4]arene-bis-tert-octylbenzo -crown-6, were shown to be much more susceptible to nitration by the SBW simulant or by 4 M nitric acid than calixarene-benzo crown ethers without the alkyl substituent. The cesium distribution behavior for a solvent comprised of l,3-alt-bis-n-octyloxy -calix[4]arene-benzo-crown-6 at 0.01 M in an aliphatic diluent modified with a fluorine-containing alcohol was shown to be stable over the course of a 60 day continuous contact with the SBW simulant at 25 °C.Toward process development, cesium distribution ratios on extraction (SBW simulant), scrubbing (50 mM nitric acid), and stripping (1 mM nitric acid) operations demonstrated a functional solvent cycle using a solvent of this composition augmented by 0.001 M trioctylamine (TOA). Without this lipophilic amine, stripping is inefficient. The presence of TOA in the solvent had no adverse effect on the Cs distribution behavior during extraction and scrubbing operations, nor did TOA negatively impact the Cs/Na and Cs/K selectivity ratios.

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Section: Chemical Stability Process Development and Cesium Selectivmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contacting and Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development of Process Chemistry for the Removal of Cesium from Acidic Nuclear Waste by Calix[4]arene-crown-6 Ethers

Bonnesen

Haverlock

Engle

et al. 2000

ACS Symposium Series

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show abstract

“…The extraction method has been used in industry (Zong et al 2013), yet the most adopted solvent extraction equipment is the mixer-settler, which have obvious disadvantages of large liquid holdup, significant solvent loss, long mixing and refining time, large land occupied and only intermittent operation. In contrast, centrifugal extractor has many advantages, such as compact structure, high treatment capacity, low liquid holdup, high mass transfer effect, convenient for starting and stopping, remote automatic control (Leonard et al 1997;Fu 2004;Li and Yuan 2007). With the above advantages, some chemical plants have begun to treat phenol waste water with the centrifugal extractor (Xu et al 1999;Yu et al 2001;Wang et al 2001;Tang et al 2012;Mishra et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on extraction phenol from coal tar with high flux centrifugal extractor

Zhao

Mao

et al. 2017

Int J Coal Sci Technol

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Solvent extraction phenol from coal tar were carried out with novel composite YH-3 as extraction agent, and the high flux centrifugal extractor was used as extraction device. Under the premise of high phenol extraction rate, composite YH-3 extraction agent reduces p-p interaction between phenolic compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons, thus decreasing the entrainment of neutral oil. The optimization of operation conditions, such as the diameter of heavy phase weir HWD, the flow ratio, the total flow rate and the rotation speed, are necessary. For single stage extraction experiment, the mass transfer efficiency was up to 84% while the rate of extraction agent loss was lower than 0.28% with the operation conditions of 29 mm of the heavy phase weir diameter (HWD), 1:1-1.4:1 of the flow ratio range, 160-200 mL/min of the total flow rate and the rotation speed varied from 2200 to 2600 r/min. For three stage counter-current test, the mass transfer efficiency reached up to 92.6% with the optimum operation condition of 29 mm of the HWD, 1:1 of the flow ratio, 200 mL/min of the total flow rate and 2400 r/min of the rotation speed. The results indicated that phenol could be extracted effectively from coal tar in the process of multistage continuous count current centrifugal extraction.

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Two‐phase flow in metal monoliths: Hydrodynamics and liquid‐liquid extraction

2014

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This work aims to explore the application of metal monoliths as a scale-up option for efficient liquid-liquid extraction. The pressure drop, mass transfer and residence time distribution are measured for low Ca ($10 À5 ) with monoliths having three different cell densities. The cross-over section between two monoliths was seen to enhance mixing in the column. However, the RTD of two-phase liquid-liquid up-flow was inferior to the single phase RTD. For higher cell density substrates, the cross-over zones seem to cause trapping of slugs due to non-superimposing channel ends. Relatively high shear rates through the film of continuous phase helped enhance the mass transfer rates, thereby helping to achieve the desired extraction in a short column. The entrance sections and cross-over zones between the monoliths adversely affected the extraction for higher cell density monoliths. The analysis of data supports use of low cell density monolith for better performance and scale up.

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Centrifugal Contactors for Laboratory-Scale Solvent Extraction Tests

Cited by 47 publications

References 1 publication

Development of Process Chemistry for the Removal of Cesium from Acidic Nuclear Waste by Calix[4]arene-crown-6 Ethers

Development of Process Chemistry for the Removal of Cesium from Acidic Nuclear Waste by Calix[4]arene-crown-6 Ethers

Study on extraction phenol from coal tar with high flux centrifugal extractor

Two‐phase flow in metal monoliths: Hydrodynamics and liquid‐liquid extraction

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