Centrifugal Fibers in the Chick Retina

Chmielewski, C. E.; Dorado, Manuel E.; Quesada, A.; Geniz-Galvez, J. M.; Prada, Francisco A.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.1988.tb00570.x

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In most cases we were unable to identify the postsynaptic partners of tendrils; however, we do know that in some cases tendril synaptic boutons apparently contacted the soma of a lightly diaphorase-positive amacrine cell, clearly the Type 1 cell described by Fischer and Stell (1999). Other authors have mentioned observing small side branches from rEF terminals (Ramón y Cajal, 1889; Maturana & Frenk, 1965; Chmielewski et al , 1988; Fritzsch et al , 1990); however, these side branches were not described in sufficient detail to allow comparison with the tendrils described here. Maturana and Frenk (1965) claimed that displaced ganglion cells were one of the synaptic partners of tendrils, but this claim has been contested in multiple studies (Dowling & Cowan, 1966; Fritzsch et al , 1990; Uchiyama & Ito, 1993; Nickla et al , 1994) and synapses between tendrils and DGCs were not observed here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Distribution and structure of efferent synapses in the chicken retina

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The visual system of birds includes an efferent projection from a visual area, the isthmooptic nucleus in the midbrain, back to the retina. Using a combination of anterograde labeling of efferent fibers, reconstruction of dye-filled neurons, NADPH-diaphorase staining, and transmission electron microscopy we have examined the distribution of efferent fibers and their synaptic structures in the chicken retina. We show that efferent fibers terminate strictly within the ventral retina. In 2 completely mapped retinas, only 2 fibers from a total of 15,359 terminated in the dorsal retina. The major synapse made by each efferent fiber is with a single Efferent Target Amacrine Cell (TC). This synapse consists of 5-25 boutons of 2μm diameter, each with multiple active zones, pressed into the TC soma or synapsing with a basketwork of rudimentary TC dendrites in the inner nuclear layer (INL). This basketwork, which is sheathed by Muller cells processes, defines a private neuropil in the INL within which TCs were also seen to receive input from retinal neurons. In addition to the major synapse, efferent fibers typically produce several very thin processes that terminate nearby in single small boutons and for which the soma of a local amacrine cell is one of the likely postsynaptic partners. A minority of efferent fibers also give rise to a thicker process terminating in a strongly diaphorase positive ball about 5μm in diameter.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Distribution and structure of efferent synapses in the chicken retina

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…ION axons form striking “convergent” terminals (Fischer & Stell, ; Lindstrom et al, ; Morgan et al, ; Nickla et al, ) on “association amacrine cells” (Ramón y Cajal, ; Mariani, ; Uchiyama & Stell, ), which are readily identifiable by their striking morphology and strong staining for Parvalbumin and NADPH‐diaphorase (Fischer & Stell, ; Lindstrom et al, ; Uchiyama & Stell, ; Wilson et al, ; present results, Figure b). The axons of ectopic centrifugal neurons form “divergent” terminals, which widely ramify in the IPL over a greater area of retinal space (Chmielewski et al, ; Dogiel, ; Fritzsch et al, ; Hayes & Holden, ; Lindstrom et al, ; Maturana & Frenk, ; Uchiyama & Ito, ; Woodson et al, ;). They have been suggested to contact displaced ganglion cells (Dogiel, ; Hayes & Holden, ; Maturana & Frenk, ; Nickla et al, ) and “flat” amacrine cells (Dogiel, ; Maturana & Frenk, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the retina, the terminals were located in the outermost IPL and partially entered the innermost INL (Figures d and c), which was in the in vitro tracings (Figure ) identified by Parvalbumin‐positive amacrine cells (Fischer & Stell, ; Hamano et al, ; Sanna et al, ) and retrogradely labeled displaced ganglion cells (Karten, Fite, & Brecha, ; Wilson et al, ). Interestingly, in Neognathae only the convergent ION terminals have been described to enter the INL (Dowling & Cowan, ; Lindstrom et al, ; Ramón y Cajal, ), while the divergent ones remain in the IPL (Chmielewski et al, ; Dogiel, ; Fritzsch et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barely any data exist on their afferents (Repérant et al, ), though they might also receive tectal projections (O'Leary & Cowan, ; Woodson et al, ). The axons of both ION and ectopic centrifugal neurons project to the retina where they terminate at the border of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and the inner nuclear layer (INL) (Chmielewski, Dorado, Quesada, Geniz‐Galvez, & Prada, ; Dogiel, ; Hayes & Holden, ). The axons of the ION neurons form “convergent” terminals (Fritzsch, de Caprona, & Clarke, ; Uchiyama & Ito, ), which are dense pericellular nests on “association amacrine cells” (AACs) in the INL (Fischer & Stell, ; Lindstrom et al, ; Nickla et al, ; Ramón y Cajal, ; Uchiyama & Ito, ; Uchiyama & Stell, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barely any data exist on their afferents (Rep erant et al, 2006), though they might also receive tectal projections (O'Leary & Cowan, 1982;Woodson et al, 1991). The axons of both ION and ectopic centrifugal neurons project to the retina where they terminate at the border of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and the inner nuclear layer (INL) (Chmielewski, Dorado, Quesada, Geniz-Galvez, & Prada, 1988;Dogiel, 1895;Hayes & Holden, 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The centrifugal visual system of a palaeognathous bird, the Chilean Tinamou (Nothoprocta perdicaria)

Krabichler

Vega‐Zuniga

Carrasco

et al. 2017

J of Comparative Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The avian centrifugal visual system, which projects from the brain to the retina, has been intensively studied in several Neognathous birds that have a distinct isthmo-optic nucleus (ION). However, birds of the order Palaeognathae seem to lack a proper ION in histologically stained brain sections. We had previously reported in the palaeognathous Chilean Tinamou (Nothoprocta perdicaria) that intraocular injections of Cholera Toxin B subunit retrogradely label a considerable number of neurons, which form a diffuse isthmo-optic complex (IOC). In order to better understand how this IOC-based centrifugal visual system is organized, we have studied its major components by means of in vivo and in vitro tracing experiments. Our results show that the IOC, though structurally less organized than an ION, possesses a dense core region consisting of multipolar neurons. It receives afferents from neurons in L10a of the optic tectum, which are distributed with a wider interneuronal spacing than in Neognathae. The tecto-IOC terminals are delicate and divergent, unlike the prominent convergent tecto-ION terminals in Neognathae. The centrifugal IOC terminals in the retina are exclusively divergent, resembling the terminals from "ectopic" centrifugal neurons in Neognathae. We conclude that the Tinamou's IOC participates in a comparable general IOC-retina-TeO-IOC circuitry as the neognathous ION. However, the connections between the components are structurally different and their divergent character suggests a lower spatial resolution. Our findings call for further comparative studies in a broad range of species for advancing our understanding of the evolution, plasticity and functional roles of the avian centrifugal visual system.

show abstract

Development of two morphological types of retinopetal fibers in chick embryos, as shown by the diffusion along axons of a carbocyanine dye in the fixed retina

Fritzsch

Caprona

Clarke

1990

J of Comparative Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Centrifugal fibers to the retinas of chick embryos and hatched chicks have been examined and traced following staining by diffusion along their axonal membranes of the carbocyanine dye DiI in fixed tissue. In the older embryos and hatched chicks, the report of Dogiel (Arch. Mikrosk. Anat. 44:622-648, 1895) has been confirmed that there are two very different morphological types of centrifugal fiber. The restricted type ends as a relatively thick fiber, lacking varicosities, that runs for a short distance in the most sclerad level of the inner plexiform layer before terminating in a pericellular nest overlying the flask-shaped body of a single amacrine cell. Thin filaments occasionally leave the pericellular net, apparently to terminate on adjacent cells. The widespread type also runs in the most sclerad level of the inner plexiform layer, but it is thin, varicose, and highly branched, and its terminal arbor may span more than 1 mm, remaining at the same level. Both types of terminal arbor issue from parent axons in the optic fiber layer of the retina. A single parent axon gives either a single terminal fiber of the restricted type or several terminals of the widespread type, but never a mixture of the two. It is argued that the restricted and widespread types originate respectively from the neurons of the contralateral isthmo-optic nucleus and from the "ectopic" neurons scattered outside the isthmo-optic nucleus. In development, the centrifugal fibers reach the retina between E9 and E10 and initially run radially in the optic fiber layer, parallel to the retinofugal fibers but avoiding the dorsal retina. They dive into the inner plexiform layer at about E12. By E13, the terminal arbors are forming, and the widespread and restricted types can already be distinguished. The widespread type continues to increase its territory until about E18, and then appears to remain stable, whereas the restricted type attains its maximum ramification between E13 and E15 and then contracts. Prior to the retraction, the terminal territories of the restricted type fibers overlap, which may provide the anatomical basis for the interaxonal competition that apparently contributes to neuronal death in the isthmo-optic nucleus between E13 and E16. Axons of ganglion cells exhibit transient side branches between E11 and E13; these never reach as deep as the level where the centrifugal fibers run.

show abstract

Centrifugal Fibers in the Chick Retina

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Distribution and structure of efferent synapses in the chicken retina

Distribution and structure of efferent synapses in the chicken retina

The centrifugal visual system of a palaeognathous bird, the Chilean Tinamou (Nothoprocta perdicaria)

Development of two morphological types of retinopetal fibers in chick embryos, as shown by the diffusion along axons of a carbocyanine dye in the fixed retina

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About