Centrifuge and storage precipitation of TiO 2 nanoparticles by the sol–gel method

Yahaya, Muhamad Zamri; Abdullah, M. Z.; Mohamad, Ahmad Azmin

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.08.110

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…e sol-gel synthesis has been successfully applied for preparing nanocrystalline metallic oxide materials including TiO 2 . In general, this method involves the hydrolysis and condensation of a metal alkoxide such as titanium(IV) isopropoxide and yielding intermediate oxo-hydroxide spices which eventually form the metal oxide [1,9,10]. However, precise controlling of hydrolysis step through adjusting the sol pH and temperature is critically essential to obtain homogeneous nanoscale oxide networks [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol-Gel Synthesis of TiO₂ Nanocrystalline Particles with Enhanced Surface Area through the Reverse Micelle Approach

Nateq

Ceccato

2019

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Titania nanocrystalline particles were synthesized by hydrolysis-condensation of titanium tetraisopropoxide in water-in-oil micellar solutions of water/cyclohexane/Triton X-100 system, and the effects of reflux time and water-to-surfactant molar ratio on the particle uniformity, crystallinity, and surface area were studied. Several characterization techniques including TEM and SEM, as well as X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopy, helium pycnometry, and nitrogen physisorption, were employed to evaluate the particle density and dimensions, crystallite size, surface area value, and the porosity features in the as-prepared condition and also after thermal treatment at 500°C. The results show that all treated samples are dense nanocrystalline anatase particles with BET surface area values over 100 m2·g−1 and primary particle size of 10–15 nm. However, for the as-prepared samples, as the reflux time increases, a better purification of particles from the synthesis environment is resulted, leading to denser and more crystalline powders with smaller particle size and higher BET surface area values culminating in 179 m2·g−1 for 24 hours of refluxing. Moreover, decreasing the water-to-surfactant molar ratio from 10 to 5 and 2 increases the particles surface area to 239 and 224 m2·g−1, respectively, at the expense of slight density and crystallinity degradation and considerable prolongation of surfactant removal step. Supportively, the comparison between photocatalytic activities of as-prepared samples also evidences the effectiveness of reflux time extension on improving the sample features and enhancing their functionality. This study can highlight how the earlier synthesis steps can influence the evolution of the structure of the final products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol-Gel Synthesis of TiO₂ Nanocrystalline Particles with Enhanced Surface Area through the Reverse Micelle Approach

Nateq

Ceccato

2019

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…Possible formation of new phase was not observed in the case of SAC-1.0 T due to the non-interacting behavior of the TiO 2 nanoparticles [20]. The acquisition of the TiO 2 peak after 150 s of etching matches to the dominant peak at 2θ=25.2° [7]. Phase of SnSO 4 was found as end by-product of the etching processes.…”

Section: Phase and Morphology Analysis Of The Etched Sac305 -X Tiomentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Composite solder alloy (SAC-1.0 T) was produced from ALPHA CVP-390 (Alpha Assembly Solutions) SAC305 solder paste with the addition of 1.0 wt% of TiO 2 reinforcement nanoparticles (particle size: 16.65 nm) by the sol-gel method [7,15]. Homogenous mixing of both parts was attained through the ball milling process, which was carried out for 10 min at 300 rpm using a planetary ball mill (Pulverisette 5, Fritsch).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural analysis of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-TiO₂ composite solder alloy after selective electrochemical etching

Yahaya

Nazeri

Kheawhom

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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This work aims to provide deep morphological observation on the incorporated TiO 2 nanoparticles within the SAC305 by selective electrochemical etching. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were used to investigate the selective etching performances. The removal of β-Sn matrix was conducted at a fixed potential of −350 mV. Average performances of 2.19 and 2.30 mA were attained from the chronoamperometry. The efficiency of β-Sn removal was approved according to the reduction of the intensities on the phase analysis. Successful observation of the TiO 2 near the Cu 6 Sn 5 layer was attained for an optimum duration of 120 s. Clusters of TiO 2 nanoparticles were entrapped by Cu 6 Sn 5 and Ag 3 Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) layer network and at the solder/substrate interface. The presence of TiO 2 nanoparticles at the solder interface suppresses the growth of the Cu 6 Sn 5 IMC layer. The absence of a β-Sn matrix also allowed in-depth morphological observations to be made of the shape and size of the Cu 6 Sn 5 and Ag 3 Sn. It was found that TiO 2 content facilitates the β-Sn removal, which allows better observation of the IMC phases as well as the TiO 2 reinforcement particles.

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Among these methods, the sol-gel has considerable advantages, such as a low processing temperature, the capacity to obtain nanostructures, chemical homogeneity, controlled and homogeneous doping. [15][16][17][18] However, the main limitation of the sol-gel method is the low thickness obtained by dip-coating deposition; therefore, the dissolution of rheological agents (RA) in the sol, i.e., Triton, PVP, Pluronic F-127, Brij, etc., is a promising approach for the increase of its viscosity and thereby obtaining a thicker TiO 2 film, without losing its transparency. Moreover, the rheological agents are considered porous templates; when they are dissolved in the sol, they begin to segregate and form micelles, after which the alkoxide precursors undergo hydrolysis _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (CC) 2018 SCS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synthesis of transparent TiO2 photoelectrodes assisted by rheological agent (triton x-100, PVP and F-127) for dye sensitized solar cells

Miranda

Morales-Ramírez

Romo

et al. 2018

JSCS

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In this work, the transparent TiO 2 photoelectrodes have been synthesized by the sol-gel method and the dip-coating technique, incorporating three rheological agents as porous template -Triton X-100, polivinilpirrolidone (M.W. 10000) and Pluronic F-127 into the TiO 2 sol for the application in dye--sensitized solar cells. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, m-lines and UV-Vis spectroscopy analyses were carried out to examine the chemical composition, structure, morphology, thickness and optical transmittance of the TiO 2 photoelectrodes. Impedance spectroscopy was carried out to analyze the cells' behaviour. An average energy conversion efficiency of 1.04 % was achieved using triton as a modifier of the transparent TiO 2 film, obtaining a thickness about 1.21 µm, a crystallite size of about 7 nm in the anatase phase and the porosity of about 53.4 %. Triton proved to be efficient for obtaining transparent and porous semiconductor films, while increasing the photoelectrochemical device's performance.

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Centrifuge and storage precipitation of TiO 2 nanoparticles by the sol–gel method

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Sol-Gel Synthesis of TiO₂ Nanocrystalline Particles with Enhanced Surface Area through the Reverse Micelle Approach

Sol-Gel Synthesis of TiO₂ Nanocrystalline Particles with Enhanced Surface Area through the Reverse Micelle Approach

Microstructural analysis of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-TiO₂ composite solder alloy after selective electrochemical etching

The synthesis of transparent TiO2 photoelectrodes assisted by rheological agent (triton x-100, PVP and F-127) for dye sensitized solar cells

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Centrifuge and storage precipitation of TiO 2 nanoparticles by the sol–gel method

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Sol-Gel Synthesis of TiO2 Nanocrystalline Particles with Enhanced Surface Area through the Reverse Micelle Approach

Sol-Gel Synthesis of TiO2 Nanocrystalline Particles with Enhanced Surface Area through the Reverse Micelle Approach

Microstructural analysis of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-TiO2 composite solder alloy after selective electrochemical etching

The synthesis of transparent TiO2 photoelectrodes assisted by rheological agent (triton x-100, PVP and F-127) for dye sensitized solar cells

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Sol-Gel Synthesis of TiO₂ Nanocrystalline Particles with Enhanced Surface Area through the Reverse Micelle Approach

Sol-Gel Synthesis of TiO₂ Nanocrystalline Particles with Enhanced Surface Area through the Reverse Micelle Approach

Microstructural analysis of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-TiO₂ composite solder alloy after selective electrochemical etching