Centrifuge modeling of lateral bearing behavior of offshore wind turbine with suction bucket foundation in sand

Wang, Xuefei; Yang, Xu; Zeng, Xin

doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.04.046

Cited by 74 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A few utility scale wind turbines have been erected as part of the efforts of the State of Ohio in promoting renewable wind energy both onshore and offshore [6,[40][41][42]. These wind turbines serve as the case studies in this research.…”

Section: Wind Characteristics At Studied Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results show that the extensive blade significantly increases the annual wind energy production (up to 20% to 30%) with different blade extension strategies. It, therefore, has the potential to significantly boost wind energy production for utility-scale wind turbines located at sites with low-class wind resource.Energies 2017, 10, 1295 2 of 24 away from cities [6,7]. However, more and more wind turbines named 'distributed energy resources' are installed at locations with lower-class wind resources [8-10] to take advantages of their close proximity to the existing electrical grid or manufacturing infrastructures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energies 2017, 10, 1295 2 of 24 away from cities [6,7]. However, more and more wind turbines named 'distributed energy resources' are installed at locations with lower-class wind resources [8-10] to take advantages of their close proximity to the existing electrical grid or manufacturing infrastructures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyses of the Extensible Blade in Improving Wind Energy Production at Sites with Low-Class Wind Resource

2017

Energies

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This paper describes the feasibility analysis of an innovative, extensible blade technology. The blade aims to significantly improve the energy production of a wind turbine, particularly at locations with unfavorable wind conditions. The innovative 'smart' blade will be extended at low wind speed to harvest more wind energy; on the other hand, it will be retracted to its original shape when the wind speed is above the rated wind speed to protect the blade from damages by high wind loads. An established aerodynamic model is implemented in this paper to evaluate and compare the power output of extensible blades versus a baseline conventional blade. The model was first validated with a monitored power production curve based on the wind energy production data of a conventional turbine blade, which is subsequently used to estimate the power production curve of extended blades. The load-on-blade structures are incorporated as the mechanical criteria to design the extension strategies. Wind speed monitoring data at three different onshore and offshore sites around Lake Erie are used to predict the annual wind energy output with different blades. The effects of extension on the dynamic characteristics of blade are analyzed. The results show that the extensive blade significantly increases the annual wind energy production (up to 20% to 30%) with different blade extension strategies. It, therefore, has the potential to significantly boost wind energy production for utility-scale wind turbines located at sites with low-class wind resource.Energies 2017, 10, 1295 2 of 24 away from cities [6,7]. However, more and more wind turbines named 'distributed energy resources' are installed at locations with lower-class wind resources [8-10] to take advantages of their close proximity to the existing electrical grid or manufacturing infrastructures. It helps to reduce the development and transportation cost, which offsets to a certain extent the disadvantages of the low-quality wind resource. In contrast to wind farms, which typically contain hundreds of wind turbines, distributed generators are mostly small-scale power generators located close to the service loads. There are a significant number of wind turbines built as distributed energy resources. According to the U.S. Department of Energy's Distributed Wind Turbine Market Report, 934 MW of distributed wind capacity was installed between 2013 and 2015, representing nearly 75,000 units across 36 states, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Effective utilizing wind resources at sites with low and medium wind speed helps to make wind energy production to be more geographically dispersed; this also helps to reduce the inherent variabilities of wind energy production [11,12].Improving the energy production at sites with low-class wind bears an important practice value. One potential method is to increase the wind turbine hub height [4,[13][14][15][16], which utilizes the benefit that the near-ground wind speed increases with elevation. There are, however, significant cost factors...

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Section: Wind Characteristics At Studied Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyses of the Extensible Blade in Improving Wind Energy Production at Sites with Low-Class Wind Resource

2017

Energies

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“…Offshore wind farms have been widely developed in recent years due to abundant offshore wind, lack of occupied land, and lack of pollution. Common types of offshore wind power generator foundations include single pile foundations, gravity foundations, jacket foundations, and floating foundations [1,2]; however, bucket foundations have been widely examined and employed in recent years due to their simple construction, low cost, and recyclability [3][4][5][6][7][8]. In 2018, the world's largest single-capacity 8.8 MW wind turbine was successfully installed in the Aberdeen offshore wind farm in Scotland, and its foundation consists of four bucket foundations with a diameter of 9.5 m and height of 15 m [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model Tests of Soil Reinforcement Inside the Bucket Foundation with Vacuum Electroosmosis Method

et al. 2019

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Offshore wind turbine foundations are commonly subjected to large horizontal, vertical, and bending moment loads. Marine soils have high moisture content, high compressibility, high sensitivity, and low strength, resulting in insufficient foundation bearing capacity. In order to improve the bearing capacity of wind turbine foundations and reduce foundation settlement, an internal vacuum preloading method combined with electroosmosis reinforcement is used to reinforce the soil within bucket foundations. The pore water pressure, vertical settlement, pumping quality of the soil during the reinforcement process, soil moisture content before and after the reinforcement, and undrained shear strength were analyzed. Horizontal and vertical bearing capacity model tests were carried out on the reinforced and nonreinforced soil inside the bucket foundation. Results show that vacuum preloading combined with electroosmosis reinforcement reduces soil moisture content inside the bucket foundation by approximately 20%, and the undrained shear strength of the internal soil increases by approximately 20 times. Soil reinforcement has high spatial uniformity. Results of the bucket foundation bearing capacity model show that when the soil inside the bucket foundation is strengthened, horizontal bearing capacity increased by 2.9 times and vertical bearing capacity increased by 2.1 times. Vacuum preloading combined with electroosmosis reinforcement can effectively improve the shear strength of soft soil and enhance the bearing capacity and stability of bucket foundations.

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“…In recent years, scholars have mainly carried out experimental methods [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and numerical simulations [22][23][24][25][26] to study the bucket foundation with honeycomb bulkheads. In terms of the bearing capacities, Lian et al [18] evaluated the influence of honeycomb bulkheads on the uniaxial bearing capacities by 1g model tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Undrained Bearing Capacities of Wide‐Shallow Bucket Foundation with Honeycomb Bulkheads in Clay

Qing-shan

Han

Guan

et al. 2019

Advances in Civil Engineering

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As a new type of offshore wind foundation, the wide-shallow bucket foundation with honeycomb bulkheads mainly bears vertical, horizontal, and moment loads. As yet, no systematic study has been conducted regarding the effects of honeycomb bulkheads on the undrained bearing capacities of the wide-shallow bucket foundation. In this study, a large number of three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analyses were performed to investigate the undrained bearing capacities of the wide-shallow bucket foundations with and without honeycomb bulkheads, thereby evaluating the influence of honeycomb bulkheads on the bearing capacities under different conditions. The results show that under uniaxial loading, the uniaxial bearing capacities of the wide-shallow bucket foundation are basically unaffected by the honeycomb bulkheads in homogeneous clay. For nonhomogeneous clay, the moment bearing capacity will be considerably enhanced with the increase in soil shear strength heterogeneity. Under combined loading, the honeycomb bulkheads will enhance the combined bearing capacities only in nonhomogeneous clay. The enhancement effects will increase with the increase in soil shear strength heterogeneity but decrease with the increase in vertical load. Besides, the simplified equations for calculating the uniaxial bearing capacities of the wide-shallow bucket foundation with honeycomb bulkheads are also proposed considering the influence of embedment ratio and soil shear strength heterogeneity. At last, the parameters of an approximating expression are fitted to predict the failure envelopes of this foundation under combined loading.

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Centrifuge modeling of lateral bearing behavior of offshore wind turbine with suction bucket foundation in sand

Cited by 74 publications

References 34 publications

Analyses of the Extensible Blade in Improving Wind Energy Production at Sites with Low-Class Wind Resource

Analyses of the Extensible Blade in Improving Wind Energy Production at Sites with Low-Class Wind Resource

Model Tests of Soil Reinforcement Inside the Bucket Foundation with Vacuum Electroosmosis Method

Evaluation of Undrained Bearing Capacities of Wide‐Shallow Bucket Foundation with Honeycomb Bulkheads in Clay

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