Centrifuges for studying the effects of sustained acceleration on human physiology

Burton, R. R.; Meeker, Larry J.; Raddin, James H.

doi:10.1109/51.70042

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This reduces the load on the cardiovascular system to perfuse blood to the head. Studies have shown that leaning the seat backwards can slightly increase G-tolerance [31,49]. According to such research, seat backrest angles ranging from 13 deg to 30 deg are implemented in fighter aircraft such as the F-35 and F-16 [50].…”

Section: Hcs Configurational Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of HCSs in operation globally have three Degrees of Freedom (DoFs), which include arm rotation, gondola roll rotation, and gondola pitch rotation. Research has primarily focused on the performance improvement of three-DoF HCSs [14,23,[26][27][28][29][30][31]. However, research has concluded that HCSs with gondola roll, pitch, and yaw rotation can simulate aircraft motion more accurately and further reduce undesirable effects [9,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Improvement of Human Centrifuge Systems through Multi-Objective Configurational Design Optimisation

Winter,

Mohajer,

Nahavandi

et al. 2023

Aerospace

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Human Centrifuge Systems (HCSs) are an effective training tool to improve the G-acceleration and Spatial Disorientation (SD) tolerance of aircrew. Though highly capable HCSs are available, their structure and performance are yet to be fully optimised to efficiently recreate the G-vectors produced using Aircraft Combat Manoeuvres (ACMs). To achieve this improvement, the relationship between configurational design and HCS performance should be profoundly investigated. This work proposes a framework for identifying the optimal configurational design of an active four Degree-of-Freedom (DoF) HCS. The relationship between configurational design parameters and objective criteria is established using inverse kinematics and dynamics. Then, a multi-objective evolutionary optimiser is used to identify the optimum arm length and seat position, minimising the Coriolis effect, relative acceleration ratio, and cost. The results of the work show that the applied optimisation step can significantly contribute to (1) efficiently replicating the aircraft motion, (2) minimising the detrimental effects generated during HCS motion, and (3) reducing the overall cost of the system. The applied methodology can be adapted to HCSs with different structures and DoFs.

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Section: Hcs Configurational Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Improvement of Human Centrifuge Systems through Multi-Objective Configurational Design Optimisation

Winter,

Mohajer,

Nahavandi

et al. 2023

Aerospace

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“…Since, for very large diameter systems, we cannot use the classical system of arms with a central motor, we need to think of a track-type system. Such a system was proposed in the early nineties by Burton et al but only for a 30 m diameter track and mainly focused on military applications (Burton et al 1991). Thirty two years before that a 152 m radius circular track system was proposed as part of a human launch simulator by NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (Gerathewohl 1961).…”

Section: Meter Track (Circumference Of 942 Meter)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Centrifuge

Loon

2008

Microgravity Sci. Technol

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Life on Earth has developed at unit gravity, 9.81 m/s 2 , which was a major factor especially when vertebrates emerged from water onto land in the late Devonian, some 375 million years ago. But how would nature have evolved on a larger planet? We are able to address this question simply in experiments using centrifuges. Based on these studies we have gained valuable insights in the physiological process in plants and animals. They adapt to a new steady state suitable for the high-g environments applied. Information on mammalian adaptations to hyper-g is interesting or may be even vital for human space exploration programs. It has been shown in long duration animal hypergravity studies, ranging from snails, rats to primates, that various structures like muscles, bones, neuro-vestibular, or the cardio-vascular system are affected. However, humans have never been exposed to a hyper-g environment for long durations. Centrifuge studies involving humans are mostly in the order of hours. The current work on human centrifuges are all focused on short arm systems to apply short periods of artificial gravity in support of long duration space missions in ISS or to Mars. In this paper we will address the possible usefulness of a large human centrifuge on Earth. In such a centrifuge a group of humans can be exposed to hypergravity for, in principle, an unlimited period of time like living on a larger planet. The input from a survey under scientists

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“…To overcome this problem and improve pilot tolerance of G-forces, laboratories have been built as safe environment for testing pilot tolerance, i.e. a centrifuge is used to improve pilot tolerance of G-loads, simulate the high-speed manoeuvres and study the inertia of major biological systems and body physiological limits [1,2]. Variable displacement hydraulic motors (VDHMs) and hydraulic oscillators are the driven devices that are utilized to rotate the centrifuge and gondola.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

G-load tracking control of a centrifuge driven by servo hydraulic systems

Mh¹,

Shih²

2009

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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The centrifuge is applied as a training device to increase the tolerance of pilots for high G z -loads during high-speed manoeuvres, and to study the inertia of major physiological systems of the body. In this study, a centrifuge is driven by three servo hydraulically driven control systems: the speed control system of the centrifuge, which is driven by hydraulic variable motors, and the roll angle and pitch angle control system of the gondola, which are driven by the hydraulic oscillators. By controlling the speed of the centrifuge and the angular position of the gondola, the G z -load of centrifuge can be controlled to achieve the required profile.

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Centrifuges for studying the effects of sustained acceleration on human physiology

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Performance Improvement of Human Centrifuge Systems through Multi-Objective Configurational Design Optimisation

Performance Improvement of Human Centrifuge Systems through Multi-Objective Configurational Design Optimisation

The Human Centrifuge

G-load tracking control of a centrifuge driven by servo hydraulic systems

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