Centromere deletion in <i>Cryptococcus deuterogattii</i> leads to neocentromere formation and chromosome fusions

Schotanus, Klaas; Heitman, Joseph

doi:10.1101/526962

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Several studies from some mammals, including primates and vertebrates, indicate centromere repositioning as a major mechanism driving genome evolution (Chiatante et al ., 2017; Rocchi et al ., 2012; Ventura et al ., 2007). More recently, some of the evidence from Drosophila and fungus suggest that dynamic changes of centromeres can drive karyotype evolution and reproductive isolation, such as centromere deletion or scission drive chromosome fusions and chromosome shuffling (Bracewell et al ., 2019; Sankaranarayanan et al ., 2020; Schotanus and Heitman, 2020; Yadav et al ., 2020). Evidence from Arabideae (Brassicaceae, the mustard family) documented that karyotype diversification was mediated by frequency centromere repositioning events occurring on five homoeologous chromosomes in Arabideae species (Mandáková et al ., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More evidence pointed to centromere inactivation‐induced micronuclei as a unique source of genomic instability and DNA damage resulting in chromothripsis (Leibowitz et al ., 2015; Ly and Cleveland, 2017). Evidence from Cryptococcus species, a human fungal pathogen, suggests that the loss and scission of centromeres lead to neocentromere formation and chromothripsis‐like inter‐chromosomal rearrangements (Schotanus and Heitman, 2020; Yadav et al ., 2020). Surgery on centromeres can also trigger chromothripsis‐like rearrangements in Arabidopsis (Tan et al ., 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconstruction of ancestral karyotype illuminates chromosome evolution in the genus Cucumis

et al. 2021

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SUMMARY Karyotype dynamics driven by complex chromosome rearrangements constitute a fundamental issue in evolutionary genetics. The evolutionary events underlying karyotype diversity within plant genera, however, have rarely been reconstructed from a computed ancestral progenitor. Here, we developed a method to rapidly and accurately represent extant karyotypes with the genus, Cucumis, using highly customizable comparative oligo‐painting (COP) allowing visualization of fine‐scale genome structures of eight Cucumis species from both African‐origin and Asian‐origin clades. Based on COP data, an evolutionary framework containing a genus‐level ancestral karyotype was reconstructed, allowing elucidation of the evolutionary events that account for the origin of these diverse genomes within Cucumis. Our results characterize the cryptic rearrangement hotspots on ancestral chromosomes, and demonstrate that the ancestral Cucumis karyotype (n = 12) evolved to extant Cucumis genomes by hybridizations and frequent lineage‐ and species‐specific genome reshuffling. Relative to the African species, the Asian species, including melon (Cucumis melo, n = 12), Cucumis hystrix (n = 12) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus, n = 7), had highly shuffled genomes caused by large‐scale inversions, centromere repositioning and chromothripsis‐like rearrangement. The deduced reconstructed ancestral karyotype for the genus allowed us to propose evolutionary trajectories and specific events underlying the origin of these Cucumis species. Our findings highlight that the partitioned evolutionary plasticity of Cucumis karyotype is primarily located in the centromere‐proximal regions marked by rearrangement hotspots, which can potentially serve as a reservoir for chromosome evolution due to their fragility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of ancestral karyotype illuminates chromosome evolution in the genus Cucumis

et al. 2021

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“…Similarly, in fission yeast [ 154 ] and budding yeast [ 155 , 156 ], ectopic localization of CENP-A occurs when CENP-A is overexpressed. In another experimental setup, ectopic CENP-A was found when the innate centromere was deleted [ 157 ].…”

Section: Centromeric Transcription In Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Centromeric Transcription: A Conserved Swiss-Army Knife

Arunkumar

Melters

2020

Genes

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In most species, the centromere is comprised of repetitive DNA sequences, which rapidly evolve. Paradoxically, centromeres fulfill an essential function during mitosis, as they are the chromosomal sites wherein, through the kinetochore, the mitotic spindles bind. It is now generally accepted that centromeres are transcribed, and that such transcription is associated with a broad range of functions. More than a decade of work on this topic has shown that centromeric transcripts are found across the eukaryotic tree and associate with heterochromatin formation, chromatin structure, kinetochore structure, centromeric protein loading, and inner centromere signaling. In this review, we discuss the conservation of small and long non-coding centromeric RNAs, their associations with various centromeric functions, and their potential roles in disease.

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“…Different from the sister species C. deuterogattii, which is often associated with plants, C. neoformans is frequently detected in pigeon droppings 14,22 . Furthermore, C. neoformans is one of the most common fungal pathogens causing infections in immunocompromised individuals, whereas C. deuterogattii is the causative agent for an ongoing cryptococcosis outbreak in the Pacific Northwest regions that commonly infects immunocompetent patients [23][24][25] . These differences likely mirror their distinct adaptation abilities to diverse stress from natural niches or hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A forkhead transcription factor contributes to the regulatory differences of pathogenicity in closely related fungal pathogens

Xie

et al. 2022

mLife

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Cryptococcus neoformans and its sister species Cryptococcus deuterogattii are important human fungal pathogens. Despite their phylogenetically close relationship, these two Cryptococcus pathogens are greatly different in their clinical characteristics. However, the determinants underlying the regulatory differences of their pathogenicity remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the forkhead transcription factor Hcm1 promotes infection in C. neoformans but not in C. deuterogattii. Monitoring in vitro and in vivo fitness outcomes of multiple clinical isolates from the two pathogens indicates that Hcm1 mediates pathogenicity in C. neoformans through its key involvement in oxidative stress defense. By comparison, Hcm1 is not critical for antioxidation in C. deuterogattii. Furthermore, we identified SRX1, which encodes the antioxidant sulfiredoxin, as a conserved target of Hcm1 in two Cryptococcus pathogens. Like HCM1, SRX1 had a greater role in antioxidation in C. neoformans than in C. deuterogattii. Significantly, overexpression of SRX1 can largely rescue the defective pathogenicity caused by the absence of Hcm1 in C. neoformans. Conversely, Srx1 is dispensable for virulence in C. deuterogattii. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the difference in the contribution of the antioxidant sulfiredoxin to oxidative stress defense underlies the Hcm1‐mediated regulatory differences of pathogenicity in two closely related pathogens.

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Centromere deletion in Cryptococcus deuterogattii leads to neocentromere formation and chromosome fusions

Cited by 4 publications

References 65 publications

Reconstruction of ancestral karyotype illuminates chromosome evolution in the genus Cucumis

Reconstruction of ancestral karyotype illuminates chromosome evolution in the genus Cucumis

Centromeric Transcription: A Conserved Swiss-Army Knife

A forkhead transcription factor contributes to the regulatory differences of pathogenicity in closely related fungal pathogens

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