Centromere-proximal meiotic crossovers in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>are suppressed by both highly-repetitive heterochromatin and the centromere effect

Hartmann, Michaelyn; Umbanhowar, James; Sekelsky, Jeff

doi:10.1101/637561

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Accounting for just euchromatic 451 regions in both species, the average rate of recombination in euchromatin in D. virilis is twice as 452 high as D. melanogaster based on euchromatic assembly genome size (3.5 cM/Mb vs. 1.8 453 cM/Mb). One possible reason for a higher rate of recombination in D. virilis may be the fact that 454 pericentric heterochromatin comprised of satellite DNA may shield the chromosomes arms from 455 the suppressive centromere effect (Hartmann et al 2019). 456 457 Interference reduces the probability of an additional CO in proximity to other COs. We 458 calculated interference in D. virilis using the Housworth-Stahl model to calculate nu, a unitless 459 measure of interference, with a maximum likelihood function based on intercrossover distances 460 (Housworth and Stahl 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

The meiotic recombination landscape ofDrosophila virilisis robust to mitotic damage during hybrid dysgenesis

Dias

Smith

et al. 2018

Preprint

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21Germline DNA damage is a double-edged sword. Programmed double-strand breaks establish 22 the foundation for meiotic recombination and chromosome segregation. However, double-strand 23 breaks also pose a significant challenge for genome stability. Because of this, meiotic double-24 strand break formation is tightly regulated. However, natural selection can favor selfish behavior 25 in the germline and transposable elements can cause double-strand breaks independent of the 26 carefully regulated meiotic process. To understand how the regulatory mechanisms of meiotic 27 recombination accommodate unregulated transposition, we have characterized the female 28 recombination landscape in a syndrome of hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila virilis. In this 29 system, a cross between two strains of D. virilis with divergent transposable element and piRNA 30 profiles results in germline transposition of diverse transposable elements, reduced fertility, and 31 male recombination. We sought to determine how increased transposition during hybrid 32 dysgenesis might perturb the meiotic recombination landscape. Our results show that the overall 33 frequency and distribution of meiotic recombination is extremely robust to germline transposable 34 element activation. However, we also find that hybrid dysgenesis can result in mitotic 35 recombination within the female germline. Overall, these results show that landscape of meiotic 36 recombination may be insensitive to the DNA damage caused by transposition during early 37 development. 38 2011). Moreover, TEs can activate the DNA damage response within developing germline stem 51 cells and alter stem cell fate (Chen et al. 2007;Wylie et al. 2014; Tasnim and Kelleher 2018). 52 53The harmful effects of TEs are especially evident in syndromes of hybrid dysgenesis, where 54 sterility can arise in intraspecific crosses between males carrying TEs and females that lack them 55 (Bingham et al. 1982; Bucheton et al. 1984;Yannopoulos et al. 1987; Lozovskaya et al. 1990). 56 Hybrid dysgenesis is the result of TE activation in the absence of maternal repression by interacting RNAs (piRNAs) (Aravin et al. 2007; Brennecke et al. 2008). The piRNA system of 58 genome defense requires maternal deposition of piRNA to successfully silence TEs across 59 generations. The combination of unrecognized TEs introduced to a naive genome via sperm and 60 the absence of corresponding piRNAs in the egg results in TE activation and hybrid dysgenesis 61 5 (Brennecke et al. 2008). A unique syndrome of hybrid dysgenesis in D. virilis is observed in 62 intraspecific crosses between males of an inducing strain (designated strain 160) and reactive 63 strain females (designated strain 9) (Lozovskaya et al. 1990). The primary TE family responsible 64 for inducing dysgenesis remains unknown and sterility appears to be due to the mass activation 65 of several TE families abundant in strain 160 but not strain 9. At least four elements are proposed 66 to contribute significantly to dysgenesis: Penelope, Helena, Paris, an...

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confidence: 99%

The meiotic recombination landscape ofDrosophila virilisis robust to mitotic damage during hybrid dysgenesis

Dias

Smith

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…The local suppression of COs in centromeric regions is well known and largely conserved among species and seems a strong constitutive feature restricted to a short centromeric region, basically the kinetochore (Ellermeier et al, 2010;Fernandes et al, 2019). But the extent of a larger pericentromeric region varies drastically, most probably under the influence of DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility or RNA interference (Choi et al, 2018;Ellermeier et al, 2010;Hartmann et al, 2019;Pan et al, 2011). However, how centromeres may affect CO distribution at larger scales still needs to be determined.…”

Section: Recombination Patterns Along Chromosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and determinants of recombination landscapes in flowering plants

Brazier

Glémin

2022

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During meiosis, crossover rates are not randomly distributed along the chromosome and therefore they locally influence the creation of novel genotypes and the efficacy of selection. To date, the broad diversity of recombination landscapes among plants has rarely been investigated, undermining the overall understanding of the constraints driving the evolution of crossover frequency and distribution. The determinants that shape the local crossover rate and the diversity of the resulting landscapes among species and chromosomes still need to be assessed in a formal comparative genomic approach. We gathered genetic maps and genomes for 57 flowering plant species, corresponding to 665 chromosomes, for which we estimated large-scale recombination landscapes. Chromosome length drives the basal recombination rate for each species, but within species we were intrigued to notice that the chromosome-wide recombination rate is proportional to the relative size of the chromosome. Moreover, for larger chromosomes, crossovers tend to accumulate at the ends of the chromosome leaving the central regions as recombination-free regions. Based on identified crossover patterns and testable predictions, we proposed a conceptual model explaining the broad-scale distribution of crossovers where both telomeres and centromeres are important. Finally, we qualitatively identified two recurrent crossover patterns among species and highlighted that these patterns globally correspond to the underlying gene distribution. In addition to the positive correlation between recombination and gene density, we argue that crossover patterns are essential for the efficiency of chromosomal genetic shuffling, even though the ultimate evolutionary potential forged by the diversity of recombination landscapes remains an open question.

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Centromere-proximal meiotic crossovers inDrosophila melanogasterare suppressed by both highly-repetitive heterochromatin and the centromere effect

Cited by 2 publications

References 48 publications

The meiotic recombination landscape ofDrosophila virilisis robust to mitotic damage during hybrid dysgenesis

The meiotic recombination landscape ofDrosophila virilisis robust to mitotic damage during hybrid dysgenesis

Diversity and determinants of recombination landscapes in flowering plants

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