Centromeres Drive a Hard Bargain

Rosin, Leah F.; Mellone, Barbara G.

doi:10.1016/j.tig.2016.12.001

Cited by 65 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…In addition to a global mechanism driving 441 local increases in recombination, our observation that chromosomes with newer centromeres 442 show increased recombination in close proximity to the centromere may support this idea (Fig-443 ure 6). Whilst there is still generally little consensus on the mechanisms related to the formation 444 of new centromeres (Rocchi et al, 2011), conflict between centromeric proteins and repetitive 445 centromeric DNA may lead to rapid evolution of centromere strength in a new or recently formed 446 centromere (Rosin and Mellone, 2017). Increased recombination rates in close proximity to a 447 22 newer centromere could provide a mechanism to counter stronger drive.…”

Section: Results 301mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most prevalent has been the idea that increased 399 crossover number in females protects against aneuploidy (i.e. non-disjunction) after long pe- proteins and repetitive centromeric DNA may lead to rapid evolution of centromere strength 412 in a new or recently formed centromere (Rosin & Mellone, 2017). Increased recombination 413 rates in close proximity to a newer centromere could provide a mechanism to counter stronger 414 drive.…”

Section: Discussion 321mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A high density linkage map reveals sexual dimorphism in recombination landscapes in red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Johnston

Huisman

Ellis

et al. 2017

Preprint

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6High density linkage maps are an important tool to gain insight into the genetic architecture of 7 traits of evolutionary and economic interest, and provide a resource to characterise variation 8 in recombination landscapes. Here, we used information from the cattle genome and the 50K 9Cervine Illumina BeadChip to inform and refine a high density linkage map in a wild population 10 of red deer (Cervus elaphus). We constructed a predicted linkage map of 38,038 SNPs and a 11 skeleton map of 10,835 SNPs across 34 linkage groups. We identified several chromosomal 12 rearrangements in the deer lineage relative to sheep and cattle, including six chromosome fis-13 sions, one fusion and two large inversions. Otherwise, our findings showed strong concordance 14 with map orders in the cattle genome. The sex-averaged linkage map length was 2739.7cM 15 and the genome-wide autosomal recombination rate was 1.04cM per Mb. The female autoso-16 mal map length was 1.21 longer than that of males (2767.4cM vs 2280.8cM, respectively). Sex 17 differences in map length were driven by high female recombination rates in peri-centromeric 18 regions, a pattern that is unusual relative to other mammal species. This effect was more 19 pronounced in fission chromosomes that would have had to produce new centromeres. We 20 propose two hypotheses to explain this effect: (1) that this mechanism may have evolved to 21 counteract centromeric drive associated with meiotic asymmetry in oocyte production; and/or 22 (2) that sequence and structural characteristics suppressing recombination in close proximity 23 to the centromere may not have yet evolved at neo-centromeres. Our study provides insight 24 into how recombination landscapes vary and evolve in mammals, and will provide a valuable 25 1 . CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/100131 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jan. 13, 2017; resource for studies of evolution, genetic improvement and population management in red deer 26 and related species. 27 Article Summary 28We present a high density linkage map (>38,000 markers) in a wild population of Red deer 29 (Cervus elaphus). Our investigation of the recombination landscape showed a marked differ-30 ence in recombination rates between the sexes in proximity to the centromere, with females 31showing an unusually elevated rate relative to other mammal species. This effect is most pro-32 nounced in chromosomes that would have produced a new centromere in the deer lineage. We 33propose that the observed effects have evolved to counteract selfish genetic elements associ-34 ated with asymmetrical female meiosis. 35

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Section: Results 301mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion 321mentioning

confidence: 99%

A high density linkage map reveals sexual dimorphism in recombination landscapes in red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Johnston

Huisman

Ellis

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…3D), a histone variant associated with centromeric heterochromatin. 36 These results imply that the KDM2A structures are formed on pericentromeric heterochromatin. To discriminate whether the distinct KDM2A "bodies" are formed by KDM2A-LF or by KDM2A-SF, we performed similar immunofluorescence experiments, but with the MCF-7 cells, in which we knocked down either KDM2A-LF or KDM2A-SF using siRNA #3 or siRNA #5, respectively.…”

Section: Kdm2a-sf Forms Distinct Heterochromatic Structures In An Hp1mentioning

confidence: 80%

A demethylation deficient isoform of the lysine demethylase KDM2A interacts with pericentromeric heterochromatin in an HP1a-dependent manner

Lađinović

Novotná

Jakšová

et al. 2017

Nucleus

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Histone modifications have a profound impact on the chromatin structure and gene expression and their correct establishment and recognition is essential for correct cell functioning. Malfunction of histone modifying proteins is associated with developmental defects and diseases and detailed characterization of these proteins is therefore very important. The lysine specific demethylase KDM2A is a CpG island binding protein that has been studied predominantly for its ability to regulate CpG island-associated gene promoters by demethylating their H3K36me2. However, very little attention has been paid to the alternative KDM2A isoform that lacks the N-terminal demethylation domain, KDM2A-SF. Here we characterized KDM2A-SF more in detail and we found that, unlike the canonical full length KDM2A-LF isoform, KDM2A-SF forms distinct nuclear heterochromatic bodies in an HP1a dependent manner. Our chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments further showed that KDM2A binds to transcriptionally silent pericentromeric regions that exhibit high levels of H3K36me2. H3K36me2 is the substrate of the KDM2A demethylation activity and the high levels of this histone modification in the KDM2A-bound pericentromeric regions imply that these regions are occupied by the demethylation deficient KDM2A-SF isoform.

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“…This variation in centromere architecture also raises questions about the requirement of longer centromeres in most organisms. According to previously proposed models, longer centromeres with more centromere repeats might bind more kinetochore proteins 37–39 . This would enable stronger kinetochore-microtubule interactions for longer centromeres and favor transmission of longer centromeres during meiosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Centromere scission drives chromosome shuffling and reproductive isolation

Yadav

Sun

Coelho

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractA fundamental characteristic of eukaryotic organisms is the generation of genetic variation via sexual reproduction. Conversely, significant large-scale genome structure variations could hamper sexual reproduction, causing reproductive isolation and promote speciation. The underlying processes behind large-scale genome rearrangements are not well understood and include chromosome translocations involving centromeres. Recent genomic studies in the Cryptococcus species complex revealed that chromosome translocations generated via centromere recombination have reshaped the genomes of different species. In this study, multiple DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were generated via the CRISPR/Cas9 system at centromere-specific retrotransposons in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. The resulting DSBs were repaired in a complex manner, leading to the formation of multiple inter-chromosomal rearrangements and new telomeres, similar to chromothripsis-like events. The newly generated strains harboring chromosome translocations exhibited normal vegetative growth but failed to undergo successful sexual reproduction with the parental wild-type strain. One of these strains failed to produce any spores, while another produced ∼3% viable progeny. The germinated progeny exhibited aneuploidy for multiple chromosomes and showed improved fertility with both parents. All chromosome translocation events were accompanied without any detectable change in gene sequences and thus, suggest that chromosomal translocations alone may play an underappreciated role in the onset of reproductive isolation and speciation.

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Centromeres Drive a Hard Bargain

Cited by 65 publications

References 133 publications

A high density linkage map reveals sexual dimorphism in recombination landscapes in red deer (Cervus elaphus)

A high density linkage map reveals sexual dimorphism in recombination landscapes in red deer (Cervus elaphus)

A demethylation deficient isoform of the lysine demethylase KDM2A interacts with pericentromeric heterochromatin in an HP1a-dependent manner

Centromere scission drives chromosome shuffling and reproductive isolation

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