“…The second proprietary dataset covers more than 300,000 accounts from a large web-based trading platform in China, i.e., "shadow-financed margin accounts" or "shadow accounts." After 15 For a thorough analysis for trading suspensions during the Chinese stock market crash in the summer of 2015, see Huang et al (2018). These "frozen" market prices of these stocks left the leverage of the holding account unchanged, and we exclude these suspended stocks in our stock-level analyses.…”