“…Upper echelons theory states that organizational outcomes are partially affected by the top management team, especially the CEO, the core member of the top management team (Hambrick and Mason, 1984). Previous studies have examined various aspects of the CEO and the resultant impact on firms' strategic decision making (Carmeli et al, 2012;Oesterle et al, 2016;Fralicha and Bitektineb, 2020), firm performance (Nguyen and Leblanc, 2001;Barker and Mueller, 2002;Peni, 2014), and relevant stock performance (Kim et al, 2016;Andreou et al, 2017;Al Mamun et al,2020;Chen et al, 2021). Moreover, in recent years, some studies have indicated that a CEO's personality traits can affect stock prices.…”