“…Motivated by the importance of banks, many papers examine the influence of insider ownership and power on bank performance (e.g., Allen and Cebenoyan, 1991;Hadlock, Houston, and Ryngaert, 1999;Griffith, Fogelberg, and Weeks, 2002;Hughes et al, 2003;Gulamhussen, Pinheiro, and Sousa, 2012). Most of these papers assume that insider power is equal to (a function of) insider ownership.…”