“…Alternatively, prior literature has used managerial personal characteristics (such as age, personal income, wealth, education and gender) to estimate managerial risk aversion (e.g., Bajtelsmit & Bernasek, ; Donkers, Melenberg, & Van Söest, ; Grable, ; Wang & Hanna, ). However, critics argue that firm history and previous CEO characteristics are irrelevant and may not be a good proxy of talent and risk preferences in their current employment environment (Wang, ).…”