Cephalometric norms for the north Indian population

Girhe, Vijaykumar; Borle, Rajiv; Datey, Prachi; Shirivastav, Sunita; Bhola, Nitin

doi:10.4103/njms.njms_34_20

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…But we still use Caucasian norms for diagnosis and treatment planning of orthognathic surgery for North Indians. Therefore, it is essential to have definitive norms for each ethnic population 18 . According to Balakrishnan et al, most of the studies for prediction of difficult airway intubation have been based on measurements in Caucasians, and the cut‐off values set by them cannot be extrapolated to the Indian population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is essential to have definitive norms for each ethnic population. 18 According to Balakrishnan et al, most of the studies for prediction of difficult airway intubation have been based on measurements in Caucasians, and the cut-off values set by them cannot be extrapolated to the Indian population. Accordingly, they have established that the upper limit for the normal ratio of height to thyromental distance to predict difficult intubation in the South Indian population is 17.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender‐based cytomorphometric analysis of buccal exfoliated cells in a South Indian population

Begum

Ramani

2023

Cytopathology

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India has been a meeting point of different races and tribes since time immemorial. The majority of the Indian population falls within the linguistic groups of Dravidians and Indo-Aryans. Further, Dravidians are concentrated in South India. They speak a series of closely related languages such as Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, and Telugu. It is known that ethnic background is strongly related to socioeconomic position, which has been shown to indirectly influence oral health-related quality of life. 1 According to the literature, there is ethnic diversity in bodily habits and craniofacial features, including the morphology and morphometry of the mandible and maxillary bones, and upper airway measurements. [2][3][4][5][6] These can have an influence on oral health, oral microbiota, periodontal health, and even the biology of cancer. [7][8][9] Exfoliative cytology, one of the cytopathology branches, is a quick and simple procedure. It is the microscopic examination of exfoliated cells from an epithelial surface. 9,10 There is a paucity of data assessing the cytomorphometric characteristics of buccal smears among the South Indian population.Definitive baseline data could not only be helpful for gender identification but also for screening patients with habits and other risk factors. | MATERIAL S AND ME THODSAfter obtaining ethical clearance from the scientific review board of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals (IHEC/SDC/ OPATH-2105/22/658), apparently healthy subjects (n = 30 males

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender‐based cytomorphometric analysis of buccal exfoliated cells in a South Indian population

Begum

Ramani

2023

Cytopathology

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“…Regarding the inhabitants of Northern India, differences were also found in the COGS analysis indicators compared to European data, namely, they have lower values of the base of the skull, height of the face, higher values of the chin protrusion and the inclination of the mandibular incisors [10]. A similar kind of study, however, regarding residents of East India revealed the following features compared to European data: higher values of protrusion of the upper and lower lips, prognathia of the lower jaw [21].…”

Section: Table 1 the Value Of Cogs Teleroentgenometric Indicators Rel...mentioning

confidence: 90%

Determination of cephalometric parameters according to the COGS method, related to the profile of the soft tissues of the face depending on the types of faces in Ukrainian young men and young women with an orthognathic bite

Nesterenko,

Shinkaruk-Dykovytska,

Muntian

et al. 2023

Rep. of Morph.

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The use of cephalometric analysis of lateral teleroentgenograms allows orthodontists, maxillofacial surgeons and other related specialists to organize a patient's treatment plan. However, for the full application of this method, it is necessary to determine in advance which indicators for it can be considered the norm, and which are already a pathology. The purpose of the study is to establish the peculiarities of cephalometric parameters according to the COGS method, related to the profile of the soft tissues of the face, in Ukrainian young men and young women with an orthognathic bite with different facial types. 46 young men and 72 young women who belonged to the residents of Ukraine of the Caucasian race in three generations and had an orthognathic bite were subjected to cephalometry according to the COGS method of indicators related to the profile of the soft tissues of the face. The face type was determined according to Garson's morphological index. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out in the license package "Statistica 6.0" using non-parametric estimation methods. Among Ukrainian young women with different types of faces, the following reliable or trends of differences in teleroentgenometric indicators related to the profile of soft tissues of the face according to the COGS method were established: young women with a very wide face have smaller values of the Gl'-Sn-Pog' angle and the Sn-Gn'/H-Gn' ratio (compared to the middle and narrow faces) and the angle Cotg-Sn-Ls and the distance Ls-(Sn-Pog') (compared to the middle face); young women with a wide face have larger values of the Ls-(Sn-Pog') distance and smaller values of the Stms-I distance (compared to the average face type); women with a narrow face have larger values of the Gl'-Sn distance and the Gl'-Sn/Sn-Me' ratio (compared to the medium face), the Sn-Gn'/H-Gn' ratio (compared to the wide face) and smaller values of the distance Sm-(Li-Pog') (compared to the wide face). Among Ukrainian young men with different types of faces, the following reliable or trends of differences in teleroentgenometric indicators related to the profile of soft tissues of the face according to the COGS method were established: representatives with a very wide face have larger values of the Gl'-Pog' distance (compared to an average face ) and smaller values of Sn-Gn'/H-Gn' ratio and Stms-I distance (compared to the average face); representatives with a wide face have larger values of the Sn-Stms/Stmi-Me ratio (compared to the average face) and smaller values of the Gl'-Sn/Sn-Me' ratio (compared to the average face); representatives with a narrow face have larger values of the Gl'-Sn/Sn-Me' ratio (compared to very wide and wide faces). Minor manifestations of sexual dimorphism of cephalometric parameters determined by the COGS method related to the profile of the soft tissues of the face were also established between young men and young women with different facial types.

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“…A systematic review of cephalometric norms for the north Indian population that contrasted it with Caucasians was published by [16]. He noted that the north Indian people had prognathic maxilla and mandible, more protruding chin, more inclined mandibular incisors, decreased middle third face height, as well as lower ramal and corpus length [16].…”

Section: Introduction and Review Of The Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Cephalometric Norms in Sudanese Sample: A Pilot Study

Gsouma¹,

Ahmed²,

Hashim³

2023

EJMED

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Aims: In this study, cephalometric norms for Sudanese with class I normal occlusion were introduced, and the results were compared to those from other studies in various populations. Materials and Methods: 29 cephalographs with ages ranging from 18 to 25 made up the sample. The selection criteria were met by all competitors. After that, cephalometric findings were compared to earlier findings from research among reported Arabs, as well as research among Oriental and Black races. Results: When compared to Caucasian cephalometric norms, Sudanese showed greater mean values of the sagittal and vertical relationships. The inter-incisal angle decreased, and the upper and lower incisors were proclined in reference to their dental bases. The soft tissue variables show that the nasolabial angle was less acute and that the lips were slightly protruding in relation to Rickett's esthetic line. Black and Oriental races, as well as Arab populations possessed bimaxillary proclination and protrusion of the upper and lower incisors, whereas Caucasians had retrusive dentition. Conclusion: Due to the small sample size, drawing a firm conclusion is challenging. Therefore, it is advised to use large sample sizes for both sexes in order to establish cephalometric norms, which will be very beneficial to not only orthodontists but also oral and maxillofacial surgeons, as well as pedodontist.

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Cephalometric norms for the north Indian population

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Gender‐based cytomorphometric analysis of buccal exfoliated cells in a South Indian population

Gender‐based cytomorphometric analysis of buccal exfoliated cells in a South Indian population

Determination of cephalometric parameters according to the COGS method, related to the profile of the soft tissues of the face depending on the types of faces in Ukrainian young men and young women with an orthognathic bite

Cephalometric Norms in Sudanese Sample: A Pilot Study

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