Cephalopod‐Inspired High Dynamic Range Mechano‐Imaging in Polymeric Materials

Clough, Jess M.; Gucht, Jasper van der; Kodger, Thomas E.; Sprakel, Joris

doi:10.1002/adfm.202002716

Cited by 35 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For example, the dual photonic and absorptive coloration mechanisms employed by the cephalopod for its amazing camouflage and signaling displays inspired the development of a dually mechanochromic, high dynamic range mechanoimaging material. [ 226 ] Moreover, mechanoresponsive photonic and plasmonic materials have great potential in myriad applications, from flexible displays to biochemical sensing. Mechanochromic photonic actuators are also likely to remain an active area of research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lobes of high strain and low strain around a circular defect under tension, as well as the gradient of strain in a membrane pulled over a bead, could also be imaged in detail with a similar material. [ 226 ] In the future, materials containing lower colloidal volume fractions, below 20%, would be valuable, as they could potentially image a greater strain range. As the PEG seems to be critical in stabilizing the colloidal array, the choice of polymeric matrix for these materials also remains limited to PEG‐based systems at present.…”

Section: Bottom‐up Approaches: Creating Structural Coloration Throughmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 73 ] Recently, spatially varying strain distributions were captured with an enhanced mechanosensing range, using a composite material that combined the spiropyran mechanophore with a mechanochromic colloidal elastomer ( Figure a). [ 226 ] The mechanochromic conversion of spiropyran to merocyanine proceeds at strains beyond the mechanosensing range of the colloidal elastomer, allowing mechanical information over a wider strain range to be recorded. This composite captured the lobes of understrain and overstrain, with respect to the applied strain, around a circular defect under tension (Figure 17b): the photonic elastomer showed extensive understrained and overstrained regions, while the spiropyran component indicated localized regions of high strain.…”

Section: Mechanosensing and Mechanoimaging With Structurally Colored mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed mechanographs can be produced by imaging with a camera or microscope; recently, hyperspectral cameras have been used to extract spatially resolved spectral information, as a more precise measure of the material response than RGB values. [226] Structurally colored polymers are frequently used to visualize and examine the highly inhomogeneous strain distributions induced by the indentation of flat samples against a surface [41,48,49] and free membranes, [37,43,226] or by more com-plex indenters such as stamps [42,43,47,50,69,179] and fingerprints, [34] highlighting their potential in security applications. Localized regions of tension and compression in the same sample can also be visualized, for instance, in three-point bending.…”

Section: Mechanosensing and Mechanoimaging With Structurally Colored mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanochromism in Structurally Colored Polymeric Materials

Clough

Weder

Schrettl

2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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of color in these materials has fascinated scientists for centuries, with early breakthroughs in understanding these phenomena made by Hooke, Newton [6] and Lord Rayleigh. [7] Another type of structural color arises from surface plasmon resonance, i.e., the resonant coupling between light and metallic nanostructures, which craftspeople have used since the Bronze age to impart color to ceramics and glass. [8,9] Over the past 30 years, fabricating structurally colored materials has been greatly facilitated by the rapid development of lithography-based technologies and directed self-assembly methodologies, which permit precise control of structural ordering at the nano-and microscale. Photonic and plasmonic materials can now be used to control and manipulate the flow of light in a plethora of colorful applications in the modern world, ranging from microoptical components [10] and lasing materials [11,12] to household products, such as nontoxic and photostable pigments for paints and cosmetics. [13-15] Artificial, structurally colored materials have been made predominantly from hard, rigid components. Their colors are stable as long as the nanostructure remains intact, but the application of excessive forces to these relatively brittle structures typically leads to an irreversible structural change and thus a change or loss of color. By contrast, many natural photonic coloration strategies are dynamic and responsive, such as in chameleons, [16] cephalopods, [17-20] tetra fish, [21] and the tortoise beetle. [22] For example, chameleon skin contains photonic arrays of high-refractive-index guanine nanocrystals that are embedded in a softer, low-refractive-index cytoplasmic matrix. [16] The reversible deformation of such composite structures enables the animal to reflect wavelengths of light in a spatially and spectrally selective manner for dazzling camouflage displays. Recent progress in synthetic approaches toward precisely ordered soft nanostructures has opened up a new class of structurally colored materials that also respond dynamically and reversibly to stimuli, such as pH, heat, light, and deformation. The design of responsive photonic structures has often been informed and inspired by natural coloration strategies. [3,23-25] To mimic natural materials and access responsive structural color, polymers are frequently employed as a component on account of their mechanical (low moduli and optionally elastic behavior) and optical (high transparency, low refractive Mechanochromic effects in structurally colored materials are the result of deformation-induced changes to their ordered nanostructures. Polymeric materials which respond in this way to deformation offer an attractive combination of characteristics, including continuous strain sensing, high strain resolution, and a wide strain-sensing range. Such materials are potentially useful for a wide range of applications, which extend from pressure-sensing bandages to anti-counterfeiting devices. Focusing on the materials design aspects, recent developments in this fi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bottom‐up Approaches: Creating Structural Coloration Throughmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanosensing and Mechanoimaging With Structurally Colored mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanosensing and Mechanoimaging With Structurally Colored mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanochromism in Structurally Colored Polymeric Materials

Clough

Weder

Schrettl

2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…To date, there are very few examples of fully integrated camouflaging skin. [10,11,265,266] A promising approach, was reported by Clough et al [267] In the latter, the authors combined chemical and physical mechanochromism to obtain high dynamic range mechano-imaging. With a similar approach, we envisage in Figure 8b a hypothesis of octopus-inspired soft manipulator with a hierarchical soft and adaptive camouflage skin system.…”

Section: Combined Molecular and Structural Mechanochromism In A Soft Robot Inspired By Octopuses' Hierarchical Light Manipulation Strategmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective on Cephalopods Mimicry and Bioinspired Technologies toward Proprioceptive Autonomous Soft Robots

Giordano

Carlotti

Mazzolai

2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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scientific community. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Regardless, every time a living being reveals novel adaptive and dynamically reactive mimicry behavior, it inspires and fosters futuristic and unexpected technological outcomes. [8][9][10][11][12] At the biological level, the visual crypsis is the ability of a species to resemble the surroundings by matching the coloration and the geometrical patterns of the habitat. In this sense, a living being can control its appearance optically (thanks to arranged and optimized structures at the mesoscopic scale, by means of pigmentation, or emissive elements) and morphologically (it can show wrinkles and textures on the body to evade detection or observation). [13][14][15][16][17][18] Both these mechanisms are characterized by a time response that ranges from milliseconds to hundreds of seconds. In nature, several species take advantage of cryptic abilities, as, e.g., in cephalopods, [7] crustaceans, [19] reptilians, [1,20,21] insects, [22,23] birds, [24,25] shells, [26,27] plants, [28,29] among many. The biotic color changing and body patterning relate to reproductive, communicative, and defensive and/or predatory strategies. Unfortunately, the nervous or central control-chain system that steers these behaviors in animals and plants, is still somehow fogged for scientists. [7,[30][31][32] A complete knowledge about their central information process systems, can open to astonishing developments in many scientific branches, from neurobiology [33,34] to quantum biology. [35] Undoubtedly, the most debated case of study in the natural world are cephalopods, which not only are highly evolved and specialized in fast adaptive color changing displays, but also are able to actuate their skin to generate 3D patterns, when exposed to specific mechanical, thermal, optical, or chemical stimuli. Soft muscular arrangements, [36][37][38] spatially distributed and expandable absorbing components (namely chromatophores), [39,40] iridescent elements (namely irido phores), [41,42] and bright white scatterers (namely leucophores) [43] are responsible for textural, postural and color changing. Moreover, octopuses are a remarkable intelligent species, able, for example, to open a jar or avoid predators in the order of seconds. [44] Thus, cephalopods are usually regarded as a perfect example of embodied intelligence, [45] thanks to the symbiosis between their body's mechanics and morphology, and the distributed sensory neuro-motor-control system. Their "learning", "mechanical" and "material intelligence" will be our lodestars along this review, resulting in a fascinating connection between Octopus skin is an amazing source of inspiration for bioinspired sensors, actuators and control solutions in soft robotics. Soft organic materials, biomacromolecules and protein ingredients in octopus skin combined with a distributed intelligence, result in adaptive displays that can control emerging optical behavior, and 3D surface textures with rough geometries, with a remarkably high control speed (≈ms). To be able ...

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