Cephalosporin resistant bacterial strains isolated from respiratory infections

Botnarciuc, Mihaela; Stan, Irina; Ispas, Sorina

doi:10.1515/arsm-2015-0012

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…More than 90% of the 4 gram negative isolates were resistant to cephalosporins, indicating the limited therapeutic use of the drug without manipulation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Similar results were reported from Taiwan, Romania and Kenya [14,[34][35][36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Incidence of Hospital Acquired Multidrug Resistant Organisms in a Tertiary Care Facility

Baig¹,

Din²,

Khizzi³

et al. 2015

J Infect Dis Epidemiol

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Background: Irrational use of antimicrobials and gaps in infection control practices have resulted in alarmingly high prevalence of multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO) globally. The objective of our study was to highlight the incidence of hospital acquired MDROs in our facility. Method:A retrospective analysis of surveillance data collected from January -December 2013 in a tertiary care hospital of Saudi Arabia. The Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) surveillance definitions were used, while the MDRO definition was modified. Descriptive analysis was performed and incidence density was calculated. SPSS version 20 (IBM, Chicago, USA) was used for analysis. Result:In total 1737 MDRO isolates were identified. Of these n = 1,326 (76%) were hospital acquired and the mean incidence rate was 4.8 cases/1,000 patient-days. The most common risk factors were prolonged stay (≥ 5 days) n = 1134 (85.5%), indwelling medical devices 955 (72%) and antimicrobial therapy in past 90 days 949 (71.5%). Klebsiella pneumoniae n = 307(23%), Acinetobacter baumannii n = 270 (20%), Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus n = 183 (14%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa n = 160 (12%) and Escherichia coli n = 159 (12%) were the most prominent nosocomial pathogens. Resistance among gram negatives for cephalosporins ranged from 94% to 98%. A. baumannii (98%) and P. aeruginosa (89%) were resistant to carbapanems. More than 90% of A. baumannii were extensive drug resistant. Conclusion:The study indicated an alarmingly high incidence of hospital acquired MDRO in a single center. The increasing resistance warrants the need for a robust and continuous surveillance system for monitoring regional trends in MDRO susceptibility patterns and comprehensive infection control and antimicrobial stewardship programs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Incidence of Hospital Acquired Multidrug Resistant Organisms in a Tertiary Care Facility

Baig¹,

Din²,

Khizzi³

et al. 2015

J Infect Dis Epidemiol

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“…Previously, extensive warnings of 10% cross-reactivity had been given, but nowadays, in the absence of proper alternatives, oral cefixime or cefuroxime, injectable cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone are used with precaution [4]. Local irritation can produce pain after intramuscular injection and thrombophlebitis after intravenous injection [3,5,28]. Cephalosporins may cause increased international normalized ratio (INR) particularly in nutritional-deficient patients, extended treatment, hepatic and renal disease.…”

Section: Adverse Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance to cephalosporin antibiotics can involve either reduced affinity of existing PBP components or the acquisition of a supplementary beta-lactam-insensitive PBP. Currently, some Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Neisseria gonorrhea and Escherichia coli strains are resistant [3,28]. Other beta-lactam drugs such as monobactams and aztreonam are drugs with a monocyclic beta-lactam ring; their spectrum of activity is limited to aerobic Gram-negative rods.…”

Section: Drug Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications of Antibiotic Therapy and Introduction of Nanoantibiotics

Lasemi¹,

Navi²,

Lasemi³

et al. 2016

A Textbook of Advanced Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Volume 3

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Oral and maxillofacial surgeons play a major role in therapy, preventing morbidity, mortality from odontogenic and non-odontogenic maxillofacial infections therefore, it is essential to have knowledge of current advancements in microbiological diagnosis and antibiotic therapy for odontogenic maxillofacial infections. Fortunately, we live in an era where antibiotics are readily available to prevent and treat against infections. The exact cause should be determined once the specific antibiotic is prescribed additionally, the empirical, definitive treatments, side effects, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibacterial agents have to be considered.Nowadays, antimicrobial resistance which is spreading rapidly is of great concern, because it is common in hospitals where acquired infections can be perilous. This situation compels scientists to synthesize new antibiotics and treatment modalities. The reason of microbial resistance can be due to increased misuse of antibiotics in foods livestock, poultry and agriculture . " number of significant factors, such as organism identification, antibiotic sensitivity testing and host factor situations, should be taken into account in order to treat various infections effectively.Currently, investigations are ongoing to impede antibacterial resistance by nanoscience technology seeking new chemotherapeutic agents. Scientists focusing on microbiological investigations aim to invent novel nanoantibiotic agents with high efficiency, low toxicity and low percentage of resistance. In recent years, nanoantibiotics have been applied against infections intelligently. The average size, polydispersity and composition of generated nanomaterials can be controlled by various methods in order to make them appropriate for biomedical applications.

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Cephalosporin resistant bacterial strains isolated from respiratory infections

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Incidence of Hospital Acquired Multidrug Resistant Organisms in a Tertiary Care Facility

Incidence of Hospital Acquired Multidrug Resistant Organisms in a Tertiary Care Facility

Complications of Antibiotic Therapy and Introduction of Nanoantibiotics

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