Cephalotoxins: A Hotspot for Marine Bioprospecting?

Gonçalves, Cátia; Costa, Pedro M.

doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.647344

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Furthermore, an organisms' proteome can help in species' identification (Mazzeo and Siciliano, 2016). A proteomic approach has been used in cephalopods to understand their colours, toxins, host-parasite relationships and their immune system (Gestal and Castellanos-Martínez, 2015;Roumbedakis et al, 2018;Albertin and Simakov, 2020;Gonçalves and Costa, 2021). These studies used tissues such as skin (Crookes et al, 2004), slime (Caruana et al, 2016), saliva (Cornet et al, 2014), and in cuttlefish cuttlebones (Pabic et al, 2017).…”

Section: Proteomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The significance of cephalopod beaks as a research tool: An update

Xavier

Golikov²,

Queirós³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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The use of cephalopod beaks in ecological and population dynamics studies has allowed major advances of our knowledge on the role of cephalopods in marine ecosystems in the last 60 years. Since the 1960’s, with the pioneering research by Malcolm Clarke and colleagues, cephalopod beaks (also named jaws or mandibles) have been described to species level and their measurements have been shown to be related to cephalopod body size and mass, which permitted important information to be obtained on numerous biological and ecological aspects of cephalopods in marine ecosystems. In the last decade, a range of new techniques has been applied to cephalopod beaks, permitting new kinds of insight into cephalopod biology and ecology. The workshop on cephalopod beaks of the Cephalopod International Advisory Council Conference (Sesimbra, Portugal) in 2022 aimed to review the most recent scientific developments in this field and to identify future challenges, particularly in relation to taxonomy, age, growth, chemical composition (i.e., DNA, proteomics, stable isotopes, trace elements) and physical (i.e., structural) analyses. In terms of taxonomy, new techniques (e.g., 3D geometric morphometrics) for identifying cephalopods from their beaks are being developed with promising results, although the need for experts and reference collections of cephalopod beaks will continue. The use of beak microstructure for age and growth studies has been validated. Stable isotope analyses on beaks have proven to be an excellent technique to get valuable information on the ecology of cephalopods (namely habitat and trophic position). Trace element analyses is also possible using beaks, where concentrations are significantly lower than in other tissues (e.g., muscle, digestive gland, gills). Extracting DNA from beaks was only possible in one study so far. Protein analyses can also be made using cephalopod beaks. Future challenges in research using cephalopod beaks are also discussed.

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Section: Proteomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The significance of cephalopod beaks as a research tool: An update

Xavier

Golikov²,

Queirós³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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“…The anterior salivary gland of Octopus vulgaris increases the predation efficiency of the animal through its protein secretions (Ponte & Modica, 2017). The anterior salivary gland secretes the protein only and the secretion causes the paralyzing of prey (Gonçalves & Costa, 2021). The anterior and posterior salivary glands of O. vulgaris consist of tubules with three types of secretory cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This agrees with (Fernández-Gago et al, 2018;Yamate et al, 2021). Some authors (Ramachandiran et al, 2020;Dill-Okubo et al, 2021Gonçalves & Costa, 2021 suggested the anterior salivary gland of Octopus vulgaris secretes the mucus, but this is not accurate evidence because the anterior salivary gland gives a negative reaction to PAS (Periodic acid Schiff) stain. There is relatively no evidence about the secretion of mucopolysaccharide extractable from the anterior gland tissue or its mucous secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anterior Salivary Gland of Octopus vulgaris Secret Protein and does not Secrete the Mucus, from the Red Sea, Egypt.

Elrheem¹

2022

Egypt. J. of Aquatic Biolo. and Fish.

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The cephalopods in the Red Sea are active predators of animals, they capture their prey from open water. Because they are fast-swimming animals, they have some modifications in their bodies, such as a fusiform shape and fast swimming, and they transform into the water column by a special structure known as a siphon. Octopus vulgaris is one member of the Cephalopoda present in the Red Sea and has special characteristics, such as the high activity of predators for its prey, such as crustaceans and small fishes. Octopus vulgaris has a special variety of defense systems such as the ink gland, posterior salivary gland, which secretes the protein, and anterior salivary gland, which is the aim of the present study. The anterior salivary gland in Octopus vulgaris is a member of the digestive system, and has a role in protein secretion, not secreting mucus as believed until now. The anterior salivary gland in Octopus has bioactive components that are very important in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications such as anticoagulant, anesthetic, and hypotensive activities. Histochemical studies of sections of the anterior salivary gland of Octopus vulgaris show the presence of three types of secretion cells in this gland, all secreting the pure Octopoda saliva and its protein secretion.

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“…The current view is that the saliva is a chemical cocktail including tachykinins (i.e. Eledoisin from Eledone, Erspamer and Anastasi, 1962), OctTK 1, phospholipase A2, other proteins, and enzymes (e.g., peptidase, hyaluronidase, chitinase) that also play key roles in toxicity of coleoid venom, supplemented by other small organic molecules, peptides, and non-enzymatic proteins (for review see: Ruder et al, 2013;Gonçalves and Costa, 2021).…”

Section: Toxin Secretion By the Salivary Glands: A Cornucopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characterization of the molecular structure and composition of cephalotoxins is still incomplete (maybe except for Sepia esculenta cephalotoxin, Ueda et al, 2008). Apart from the glycosylation of the protein, characterization allowed the identification of conserved domains: EGF-like, Sushi, TSP type-1 and LDL-receptor class A (review in Gonçalves and Costa, 2021). Of particular interest is the epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain known to paralyse crustaceans via Na v block; cephalotoxins, should be described as EGF neurotoxins.…”

Section: Toxin Secretion By the Salivary Glands: A Cornucopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological considerations in studying digestive system physiology in octopus: limitations, lacunae and lessons learnt

2022

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Current understanding of cephalopod digestive tract physiology is based on relatively “old” literature and a “mosaic of data” from multiple species. To provide a background to the discussion of methodologies for investigating physiology we first review the anatomy of the cephalopod digestive tract with a focus on Octopus vulgaris, highlighting structure-function relationships and species differences with potential functional consequences (e.g., absence of a crop in cuttlefish and squid; presence of a caecal sac in squid). We caution about extrapolation of data on the digestive system physiology from one cephalopod species to another because of the anatomical differences. The contribution of anatomical and histological techniques (e.g., digestive enzyme histochemistry and neurotransmitter immunohistochemistry) to understanding physiological processes is discussed. For each major digestive tract function we briefly review current knowledge, and then discuss techniques and their limitations for the following parameters: 1) Measuring motility in vitro (e.g., spatiotemporal mapping, tension and pressure), in vivo (labelled food, high resolution ultrasound) and aspects of pharmacology; 2) Measuring food ingestion and the time course of digestion with an emphasis on understanding enzyme function in each gut region with respect to time; 3) Assessing transepithelial transport of nutrients; 4) Measuring the energetic cost of food processing, impact of environmental temperature and metabolic rate (flow-through/intermittent respirometry); 4) Investigating neural (brain, gastric ganglion, enteric) and endocrine control processes with an emphasis on application of molecular techniques to identify receptors and their ligands. A number of major knowledge lacunae are identified where available techniques need to be applied to cephalopods, these include: 1) What is the physiological function of the caecal leaflets and intestinal typhlosoles in octopus? 2) What role does the transepithelial transport in the caecum and intestine play in ion, water and nutrient transport? 3) What information is signalled from the digestive tract to the brain regarding the food ingested and the progress of digestion? It is hoped that by combining discussion of the physiology of the cephalopod digestive system with an overview of techniques and identification of key knowledge gaps that this will encourage a more systematic approach to research in this area.

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Cephalotoxins: A Hotspot for Marine Bioprospecting?

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

The significance of cephalopod beaks as a research tool: An update

The significance of cephalopod beaks as a research tool: An update

The Anterior Salivary Gland of Octopus vulgaris Secret Protein and does not Secrete the Mucus, from the Red Sea, Egypt.

Methodological considerations in studying digestive system physiology in octopus: limitations, lacunae and lessons learnt

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