Ceramic steel?

Garvie, R. C.; Hannink, R. H. J.; Pascoe, R. T.

doi:10.1038/258703a0

Cited by 2,172 publications

(794 citation statements)

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“…The tetragonal phase, retained at room temperature in a metastable state thanks to the presence of 3 mol% of Yttrium oxide, can transform into the stable monoclinic phase under the local tensile stress at the tip of a crack under loading. The transformation is accompanied by an increase in volume of about 4.5%, and since it is constrained by the surrounding elastic material, compressive stresses are induced, which enhance the crack propagation resistance (transformation toughening) (Garvie et al, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface roughened zirconia: towards hydrothermal stability

Camposilvan

Flamant

Anglada

2015

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Surface roughness is needed in several yttria-stabilized zirconia components used in restorative dentistry for osseointegration or adhesion purposes. This can be achieved by different treatments, which may also modify the microstructure of the surface. Among them, sandblasting and chemical etching are widely used, but their effect on hydrothermal aging of zirconia is not fully understood. In the present work, the zirconia long-term stability of rough surfaces prepared by these techniques is analyzed and a method is proposed for preventing hydrothermal aging while maintaining the original surface appearance and mechanical properties. The method involves pressure infiltration of a Cerium salt solution on the roughened surfaces followed by a thermal treatment. The solution, trapped by surface defects and small pores, is decomposed during thermal treatment into Cerium oxide, which is diffused at high temperature, obtaining Ce co-doping in the near-surface region.In addition, the microstructural changes induced in the near-surface by sandblasting or chemical etching are removed by the thermal treatment together with surface defects. No color modification was observed and the final roughness parameters were in the range of existing implants of proved good osseointegration. The aging resistance of Ce co-doped materials was strongly enhanced, showing the absence of aging after artificial degradation, increasing in this way the surface mechanical integrity.The proposed treatment is easily applicable to the current manufacturing procedures of zirconia dental posts, abutments, crowns and dentures, representing a solution to hydrothermal aging in these and other biomedical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface roughened zirconia: towards hydrothermal stability

Camposilvan

Flamant

Anglada

2015

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…From the linear relation between stress and driving force (Eq. [8]), the applied stress necessary to supply this driving-force increment will have the temperature dependence illustrated in Figure 2(b).…”

Section: Stress-assisted Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Taking into account the thermodynamic effect of applied stress (Eq. [8]), we can now express the stress required for a fixed rate of stress-assisted isothermal transformation as a function of the extent of transformation:…”

Section: Isothermal Stress-strain Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 If the net transformation shape strain is an invariant-plane strain, with shear and normal strain components 3'o and e0, the work per unit volume done by an applied stress assisting the transformation can be expressed by: [8] where r and ~, are the resolved shear and normal stresses on the planes and in the directions of 70 and e0. When a martensitic transformation occurs under applied stress, a macroscopic strain, termed transformation plasticity, accompanies the transformation.…”

Section: Stress-assisted Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress-assisted isothermal martensitic transformation: Application to TRIP steels

1982

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Low-temperature plastic flow in TRIP steels has been found to be controlled by stress-assisted isothermal martensitic transformation. For these conditions, the thermodynamics and kinetic theory of martensitic transformations leads directly to constitutive relations predicting the dependence of flow stress on temperature, strain, strain-rate, and stress-state, consistent with the observed behavior of TRIP steels. Guidelines are obtained for the control of temperature sensitivity, tr-e curve shape, and stress-state effects to achieve novel mechanical properties.

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“…Stress-induced martensitic (SIM) transformations in steels and shape memory alloys are studied extensively [1][2][3][4]. Alloy undergoing SIM transformation exhibits a typical stress-plateau in the tensile stress-strain curve (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%