Ceramic Supported Capillary Pd Membranes for Hydrogen Separation: Potential and Present Limitations

Gepert, Vanessa; Kilgus, Mirjam; Schiestel, Thomas; Brunner, Herwig; Eigenberger, Gerhart; Merten, C.

doi:10.1002/fuce.200600018

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The commercial catalyst CuO/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 was widely used for methanol steam reforming at moderate temperature ranges from about 423K to 623K because a high conversion rate was obtained (7), (8) . Through methanol steam reforming, gas species other than H 2 such as CO 2 and CO are also produced. Previous studies showed that CO causes a decrease in the reactive surface area of the electrode fuel cell for H 2 dissociation (9)-(10) while CO 2 (11) causes a decline in H 2 partial pressure, which affects the fuel cell performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of compact reformers started more than a decade ago, with the aim of setting a reformer, catalytic burner and hydrogen purification device in a single package for vehicle application (1) .The integrated compact reformer is supposed to be a reliable solution compared to complex, high price and bulky designed reformer systems consisting of separated units (2) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methanol is suitable for steam reforming because of the high H/C ratio, high reactivity and moderate reforming temperature (2), (4) . Compared to the other liquid fuels such as liquid hydrogen and ammonia, the cost of hydrogen generation from methanol is still relatively low (5)- (6) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study on a Compact Methanol Steam Reformer with Pd/Ag Membrane

Faizal

Kuwabara

Kizu

et al. 2012

JTST

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The performance of high purity hydrogen production from methanol for a compact steam reformer with a hydrogen purification membrane was investigated experimentally. A 77 wt.% Pd/23 wt.% Ag membrane with 25µm thickness and CuO/ZnO/ Al 2 O 3 catalyst were used. Heating was performed by a Bunsen type burner using City Gas 13A. The methanol reforming and purification of H 2 were investigated at different reference catalyst zone temperatures (589-689K), pressures at the retentate side (0.2-0.5MPa), steam to methanol(S/C) ratios (0.8-1.6) and reactant flow rates (1.7 ×10 -4 to 4.4 ×10-4 mol/s). The results show that at high reference temperature, high pressure and certain points of the reactant flow rate, the maximum hydrogen permeation rate is obtained when the S/C ratio is around 1. The modified Sieverts' equation which considers the decrease in H 2 concentration at the membrane surface, was proposed. The experimental result was lower than the permeation rate estimated by the modified Sieverts' equation, which is probably caused by the adsorption of non-H 2 species during permeation. It is further demonstrated that the modified Sieverts' equation is able to estimate a more reasonable hydrogen permeation rate in comparison to the estimation by the ordinary Sieverts' equation. In addition, it is shown that the compact methanol steam reformer with a Pd/Ag membrane is able to produce high purity hydrogen with very low CO concentration, which fulfills the Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) requirement (<10ppm).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study on a Compact Methanol Steam Reformer with Pd/Ag Membrane

Faizal

Kuwabara

Kizu

et al. 2012

JTST

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“…Furthermore, ceramic membranes can be used for electrodialysis [41] or, for instance, to recycle aqueous alkali chemicals [42] and as membranes placed between liquids in chemical reactors for electrolysis [43][44][45][46]. Moreover, they are used for catalysis [47], syngas production [48], or the production of CO-free hydrogen for proton exchange membrane fuel cells [49]. The two types of ceramic-based separators -composite and solid electrolyte separators (cf.…”

Section: Ceramic Based Separatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separators - Technology review: Ceramic based separators for secondary batteries

Nestler¹,

Schmid²,

Münchgesang³

et al. 2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Besides a continuous increase of the worldwide use of electricity, the electric energy storage technology market is a growing sector. At the latest since the German energy transition ("Energiewende") was announced, technological solutions for the storage of renewable energy have been intensively studied. Storage technologies in various forms are commercially available. A widespread technology is the electrochemical cell. Here the cost per kWh, e. g. determined by energy density, production process and cycle life, is of main interest. Commonly, an electrochemical cell consists of an anode and a cathode that are separated by an ion permeable or ion conductive membranethe separator -as one of the main components. Many applications use polymeric separators whose pores are filled with liquid electrolyte, providing high power densities. However, problems arise from different failure mechanisms during cell operation, which can affect the integrity and functionality of these separators. In the case of excessive heating or mechanical damage, the polymeric separators become an incalculable security risk. Furthermore, the growth of metallic dendrites between the electrodes leads to unwanted short circuits. In order to minimize these risks, temperature stable and non-flammable ceramic particles can be added, forming so-called composite separators. Full ceramic separators, in turn, are currently commercially used only for high-temperature operation systems, due to their comparably low ion conductivity at room temperature. However, as security and lifetime demands increase, these materials turn into focus also for future room temperature applications. Hence, growing research effort is being spent on the improvement of the ion conductivity of these ceramic solid electrolyte materials, acting as separator and electrolyte at the same time. Starting with a short overview of available separator technologies and the separator market, this review focuses on ceramic-based separators. Two prominent examples, the lithium-ion and sodium-sulfur battery, are described to show the current stage of development. New routes are presented as promising technologies for safe and long-life electrochemical storage cells.

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“…For application in steam reforming, Palladium (Pd) membrane was first used as a separator more than two decades ago (3) . Alloying Pd with silver (Ag) could prevent embrittlement when the membrane is exposed to hydrogen at temperatures below 573K (critical temperature) and at pressures below 2MPa (critical pressure) (4) , while maintaining the high permselectivity (5) . In addition, previous researchers have demonstrated that the addition of Ag to a Pd membrane could improve the hydrogen permeability, reaching maximum when the Ag content is around 23wt.% (3) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Feed Flow Rate of Hydrogen Mixture on Hydrogen Permeation for Flat Sheet Pd/Ag Membrane with Stagnating Flow

Faizal

Kizu

Kawamura

et al. 2013

JTST

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The effect of feed flow rate of hydrogen mixture on the H 2 permeation for a flat sheet Pd/Ag membrane with stagnating flow at the upstream side was investigated experimentally and theoretically. A 77wt.% Pd/23wt.% Ag flat sheet membrane with 25μm thickness and 0.02m diameter was used. The permeation rate of H 2 was investigated under various feed flow rates (1.489 × 10 -5 -2.976 × 10 -4 mol/s), for pressures of 0.20-0.30MPa and reference membrane temperatures of 523-723K. Experimental results demonstrated that when the feed flow rate is decreased, the H 2 permeation rate decreases. This is supposed to be due to the phenomena of hydrogen concentration decrease at the membrane surface of the upstream side, as a result of the effect of H 2 permeation itself. When a theoretical equation that takes into account the effect of H 2 permeation is used, the H 2 permeation mole flux can be predicted quantitatively by using the concentration of H 2 of the feed mixture. This shows that the diffusive transport effect plays an important role as well as the convective transport effect when determining H 2 concentration at the membrane surface. In addition, the normalization of the theoretical results shows that the trend of the decrease in the H 2 permeation mole flux with respect to the feed mole flux follows the first order lag function, regardless of the inlet H 2 partial pressures.

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Ceramic Supported Capillary Pd Membranes for Hydrogen Separation: Potential and Present Limitations

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Experimental Study on a Compact Methanol Steam Reformer with Pd/Ag Membrane

Experimental Study on a Compact Methanol Steam Reformer with Pd/Ag Membrane

Separators - Technology review: Ceramic based separators for secondary batteries

Effect of Feed Flow Rate of Hydrogen Mixture on Hydrogen Permeation for Flat Sheet Pd/Ag Membrane with Stagnating Flow

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