Cerasomes and Bicelles: Hybrid Bilayered Nanostructures With Silica-Like Surface in Cancer Theranostics

Abstract

Over years, theranostic nanoplatforms have provided a new avenue for the diagnosis and treatment of various cancer types. To this end, a myriad of nanocarriers such as polymeric micelles, liposomes, and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) with distinct physiochemical and biological properties are routinely investigated for preclinical and clinical studies. So far, liposomes have received great attention for various biomedical applications, however, it still suffers from insufficient morphological stability. On the other hand, inorganic NPs depicting excellent therapeutic ability have failed to address biocompatibility issues. This has raised a serious concern about the clinical approval of multifunctional organic or inorganic-based theranostic agents. Recently, partially silica coated nanohybrids such as cerasomes and bicelles demonstrating both diagnostic and therapeutic ability in a single system, have drawn profound attention as a fascinating novel drug delivery system. Compared with traditional liposomal or inorganic-based nanoformulations, this new and highly stable nanocarriers integrates the functional attributes of biomimetic liposomes and silica NPs, therefore, synergize strengths and functions, or even surpass weaknesses of individual components. This review at its best enlightens the emerging concept of such partially silica coated nanohybrids, fabrication strategies, and theranostic opportunities to combat cancer and related diseases.

Combination of Roll Grinding and High-Pressure Homogenization Can Prepare Stable Bicelles for Drug Delivery

“…For example, Barbosa-Barros reported that bicelles have been used for drug penetration carrier through skin [64]. In addition, organic–inorganic hybrid bicelles named “cerasomes” were also developed [65]. These hybrid bicelles were reported to show a unique drug release profile under an acidic pH environment.…”

pH-Sensitive Co-Adsorption/Release of Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel by Carbon Nanotube, Fullerene, and Graphene Oxide in Combination with N-isopropylacrylamide: A Molecular Dynamics Study

“…Anthracyclines are a class of anticancer medications which induce malignant cell apoptosis by affecting DNA function, inhibiting DNA synthesis, and thereby interfering with cell growth and proliferation. Among the drugs of this class, doxorubicin has been proved to be effective against a wide spectrum of malignancies including lymphoma and breast, thyroid, bladder, stomach, bone, and neural tissue cancers [8,9,10,11,12]. Paclitaxel is another broadly used anticancer medication.…”

Comprehensive approach of hybrid nanoplatforms in drug delivery and theranostics to combat cancer

“…Incorporation of multiple drugs, and imaging agents, within HNCs on a large scale might be expensive as well as challenging. Further studies and optimizations will be required to eventually scale up the manufacturing process from the bench to clinical application [51]. The GMP manufactured theranostics nanomedicine should be simple, cheap, ultra-small, biodegradable, and easy to use.…”