Cereal-pea intercrops to improve sustainability in bioethanol production

Pellicanò, Antonio; Romeo, Maurizio; Pristeri, A.; Preiti, Giovanni; Monti, Michele

doi:10.1007/s13593-015-0294-1

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Increased crop yield with intercropping is mainly attributed to more efficient use of limiting natural resources by component crops due to different temporal, spatial, or phenological characteristics (Zou et al, 2019). Cereal-legumes intercropping is effective in reducing costly N fertilizers inputs and reducing off-site effects of crop production (Pellicanò, Romeo, Pristeri, Preiti, & Monti, 2015), such as water saving (Mao et al, 2012) and reduced weed pressure (Corre-Hellou et al, 2011). However, the productivity of crops depends on their capture of resources, such as water, nutrients, and light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and radiation use in maize–pea intercropping is enhanced with increased plant density

Fan

Chai

et al. 2020

Agronomy Journal

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Crop management to improve water use is a well‐established strategy for the effective use of limited natural resources in intercropping systems. Here, maize (Zea mays L.)– pea (Pisum sativum L.) strip intercropping with three maize densities (D1: 45,000, D2: 52,500, and D3: 60,000 plants ha−1) was compared to sole maize with three maize densities and sole pea. Soil water extraction and water difference were determined through soil water content over depth and across rows in intercropping, measured six times during the growing season. Land equivalent ratio (LER), radiation use efficiency (RUEGY for grain yield, and RUEBM for biomass), and water use efficiency (WUE) were calculated to compare intercropping with sole cropping. A soil water supplement potential from intercropped maize strips to intercropped pea was observed during the pea independent growth and co‐growth with maize periods, which declined as the growing season progressed and with increased maize density. After pea harvest, the potential of compensatory soil water for maize existed from the pea strips, which was greater with increased maize density. Maize–pea intercropping produced 23–38% greater total yield than corresponding sole crops, as the LER ranged from 1.23 to 1.38. Maize–pea intercropping with D3 attained the greatest grain yield, RUEGY, RUEBM, and WUE among three maize density treatments, and was 10, 9, 17, and 14% greater than that of corresponding sole maize. Increasing maize density increased grain yield, radiation and water use efficiency, and LER, indicating that the intercropping advantage was improved with increased maize density.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and radiation use in maize–pea intercropping is enhanced with increased plant density

Fan

Chai

et al. 2020

Agronomy Journal

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“…In similar trials, values for index LER are increasing with the increase of field pea in seed rates (field pea:oat, 50:50%-LER = 0.87; 75:25%-LER = 0.96; 85:15%-LER = 1.2, on average) (Vasiljević et al, 2016). In another trial, where oat was grown in two different ratios, oat:field pea -100:50 % and 50:50%, LER index was 1.14 and 1.07 respectively (Pelicano et al, 2015). LER values in our trial were either similar or higher compared to these results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Forage Yield and Protein Content of Different Field Pea Cultivars and Oat Mixtures Grown as Winter Crops

Krga¹,

Simić²,

Mandić³

et al. 2019

Turkish Journal of Field Crops

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Monoculture and intensive use of mechanization and inorganic chemicals are leading to degradation and erosion of our soils and agro-ecosystems. At the same time, the production of animal feeds that are rich in protein is constantly decreasing in many European countries. Modest cultivation needs, favorable content of nutrients, and beneficial effect on the environment, make field pea and oat mixtures promising crops to tackle these issues. In three growing seasons and without irrigation or fertilisation, we have examined two basic field pea cultivars (Kosmaj, OS Adam) and one leafless cultivar (OS Letin) intercropped with oat (NS Jadar), with seeding rates, field pea: oat-100:10%; 100:20%. Results have shown that basic type cultivars have better overall development and higher yields compared to leafless cultivar, whether grown as single crops or in the mixture. Basic cultivars (OS Adam, Kosmaj) achieved higher protein content, compared to cultivar Letin, 163.9 g kg-1 , 153.3 g kg-1 , 136 g kg-1 , respectively. Yields were higher in 100:20% mixtures, compared to 100:10% mixtures and single grown crops, and we conclude that intercropping these species is superior to cultivating them separately. Protein content wasn't significantly different between two seeding rates, thus seed rates shouldn't be lower than 100:20%.

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“…The additive method was used for intercropping, and the sowing ratio of the mixture was peas: oats-100%: 15% and 100%: 30% (150:15 kg ha −1 of seed; 150:30 kg ha −1 of seed, respectively). These levels were selected according to previous experiences and research that indicates the high competitiveness of oats and other cereals over field peas [6,[21][22][23]. In addition to the mixture, field peas and oats were grown individually as a control (100% of their full sowing norm-150 kg ha −1 ).…”

Section: Trial Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, changes in the sowing norm can directly affect changes in chemical composition as well as yield. It is crucial to understand these factors and their impact since oats, like some other cereals, are considered more competitive for the resources compared to field peas [21][22][23]. Cereals also react more strongly to nitrogen fertilizer [21,24] because they do not have the natural ability for its fixation, while legumes provide most of the nitrogen, 30-80%, on their own.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass and Protein Yields of Field Peas and Oats Intercrop Affected by Sowing Norms and Nitrogen Fertilizer at Two Different Stages of Growth

et al. 2021

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In limited growing conditions, intercropped field peas and oats can represent a significant source of forage rich in protein. If applied correctly, factors such as nitrogen fertilizer, the mowing phase, and sowing norms can significantly increase the productivity of these mixtures. Field trials were conducted to examine their productivity under different nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80 kg ha−1), different sowing norms/mixtures (field peas: oats—100:15%; 100:30%), and two stages of growth (full flowering, full pod formation). Nitrogen fertilizer and different sowing norms had a significant effect on the biomass, hay, and crude protein yields. On average, the highest hay yields were achieved with 80 kg ha−1 N (4.96 t ha−1), followed by 40 kg ha−1 N (4.27 t ha−1). The highest protein yields were achieved with 40 kg ha−1 N (CP—704.1 kg ha−1), followed by 80 kg ha−1 N (CP—637.6 kg ha−1). Sowing norm 100:30% achieved higher hay yields: 100:30%—4.82 t ha−1; 100:15%—4.44 t ha−1, while 100:15% achieved higher crude protein yields: 100:15%—730.4 kg ha−1; 100:30%—692.7 kg ha−1 on average. The costs were not significantly increased with the nitrogen fertilizer, but the net profits were increased by as much as 163%, depending on the nitrogen level and the mixture. Nitrogen fertilizer also achieves higher economic efficiency for the mixture 100:15% compared to the 100:30% mixture. Mixtures of field peas and oats outperform single-grown crops and provide cost-effective feed for a short time. Using optimal seed ratios and nitrogen fertilizer can significantly increase the productivity and profitability of the feed with minimal impact on the overall production costs.

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Cereal-pea intercrops to improve sustainability in bioethanol production

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Water and radiation use in maize–pea intercropping is enhanced with increased plant density

Water and radiation use in maize–pea intercropping is enhanced with increased plant density

Forage Yield and Protein Content of Different Field Pea Cultivars and Oat Mixtures Grown as Winter Crops

Biomass and Protein Yields of Field Peas and Oats Intercrop Affected by Sowing Norms and Nitrogen Fertilizer at Two Different Stages of Growth

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