Cerebellar Functional Anatomy: a Didactic Summary Based on Human fMRI Evidence

Guell, Xavier; Schmahmann, Jeremy D.

doi:10.1007/s12311-019-01083-9

Cited by 144 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Each lobe serves distinct functions in the developed adult brain; damage to the anterior lobe is associated with the classic cerebellar motor syndrome, whereas damage to the posterior lobe is associated with the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. 18,19 The topographic importance of CBH in preterm newborns is unknown. 20 Our objectives, therefore, were to (1) precisely measure and spatially define CBH in 3 and 2 dimensions and (2) examine the association between CBH size (total CBH volume, greatest volume of the single largest CBH, and greatest CBH extent) and location on preterm MRI and preschool-age neurodevelopmental outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Location and Size of Preterm Cerebellar Hemorrhage and Childhood Development

Garfinkle

Guo

Synnes

et al. 2020

Annals of Neurology

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Objective: To examine the association between cerebellar hemorrhage (CBH) size and location and preschool-age neurodevelopment in very preterm neonates. Methods: Preterm magnetic resonance images of 221 very preterm neonates (median gestational age = 27.9 weeks) were manually segmented for CBH quantification and location. Neurodevelopmental assessments at chronological age 4.5 years included motor (Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd Edition [MABC-2]), visuomotor integration (Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, 6th Edition), cognitive (Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligence, 3rd Edition), and behavioral (Child Behavior Checklist) outcomes. Multivariable linear regression models examined the association between CBH size and 4.5-year outcomes accounting for sex, gestational age, and supratentorial injury. Probabilistic maps assessed CBH location and likelihood of a lesion to predict adverse outcome. Results: Thirty-six neonates had CBH: 14 (6%) with only punctate CBH and 22 (10%) with ≥1 larger CBH. CBH occurred mostly in the inferior aspect of the posterior lobes. CBH total volume was independently associated with MABC-2 motor scores at 4.5 years (β = −0.095, 95% confidence interval = −0.184 to −0.005), with a standardized β coefficient (−0.16) that was similar to that of white matter injury volume (standardized β = −0.22). CBH size was similarly associated with visuomotor integration and externalizing behavior but not cognition. Voxelwise odds ratio and lesionsymptom maps demonstrated that CBH extending more deeply into the cerebellum predicted adverse motor, visuomotor, and behavioral outcomes. Interpretation: CBH size and location on preterm magnetic resonance imaging were associated with reduced preschool motor and visuomotor function and more externalizing behavior independent of supratentorial brain injury in a dose-dependent fashion. The volumetric quantification and localization of CBH, even when punctate, may allow opportunity to improve motor and behavioral outcomes by providing targeted intervention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Location and Size of Preterm Cerebellar Hemorrhage and Childhood Development

Garfinkle

Guo

Synnes

et al. 2020

Annals of Neurology

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“…From a morphological perspective, a significant GM volume loss (atrophy) was detected in posterior lobules of both cerebellar hemispheres in ET patients compared with HC, although not overlapping with the activated/ deactivated cerebellar clusters shown in ET. These findings revealed the presence of a quite symmetric pattern of atrophy involving mainly, albeit not exclusively, cerebellar regions engaged in non-motor processing (sensorimotor, attention/executive functions, default-mode) 40,41 . A much smaller cluster of significant GM atrophy was localized to the right occipital fusiform gyrus in the ET group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Voxel-based morphometry and task functional magnetic resonance imaging in essential tremor: evidence for a disrupted brain network

Galazzo

Magrinelli

Pizzini

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The pathophysiology of essential tremor (ET) is controversial and might be further elucidated by advanced neuroimaging. Focusing on homogenous ET patients diagnosed according to the 2018 consensus criteria, this study aimed to: (1) investigate whether task functional MRI (fMRI) can identify networks of activated and deactivated brain areas, (2) characterize morphometric and functional modulations, relative to healthy controls (HC). Ten ET patients and ten HC underwent fMRI while performing two motor tasks with their upper limb: (1) maintaining a posture (both groups); (2) simulating tremor (HC only). Activations/deactivations were obtained from General Linear Model and compared across groups/tasks. Voxel-based morphometry and linear regressions between clinical and fMRI data were also performed. Few cerebellar clusters of gray matter loss were found in ET. Conversely, widespread fMRI alterations were shown. Tremor in ET (task 1) was associated with extensive deactivations mainly involving the cerebellum, sensory-motor cortex, and basal ganglia compared to both tasks in HC, and was negatively correlated with clinical tremor scales. Homogeneous ET patients demonstrated deactivation patterns during tasks triggering tremor, encompassing a network of cortical and subcortical regions. Our results point towards a marked cerebellar involvement in ET pathophysiology and the presence of an impaired cerebello-thalamo-cortical tremor network.

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“…Functional neuroimaging studies, e.g., functional MRI (fMRI) [23], have shown that cerebellum projects to the association areas (prefrontal areas, posterior parietal, and superior temporal, posterior parahippocampal and cingulate areas). Recent data-driven analysis of fMRI has elucidated motor (lobules I-VI; lobule VIII), and non-motor (lobules VI-Crus I; lobules Crus II-VIIB; lobules IX-X) attentional/executive as well as default mode regions of the cerebellar function [24]. Here, prefrontal, premotor, supplementary motor, and parietal cortex have been found involved with standing balance control in hemiplegic stroke patients [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Based on the prior fMRI works [24], we postulated that ctDCS of the cerebellar hemispheric lobules Crus I-Crus II (in functional gradient 1, [24], [26]), the dentate nucleus, and the hemispheric lobules VIIb-IX (in functional gradient 2, [24], [26]) should modulate cerebrum activity differently during the standing balance reach task [17] that can be measured with portable neuroimaging including functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in conjunction with electroencephalography (EEG) [27], [28], [29]. Simultaneous fNIRS-EEG data can be used to estimate the state of the neurovascular coupling based on the tDCSevoked responses [28], [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesized that a combination of fNIRS and EEG would allow for non-invasive and simultaneous assessment of neuronal activity and hemodynamic responses (i.e., neurovascular coupling response) to bilateral deep ctDCS of the dentate nucleus and lower-limb representations (lobules VII-IX). Also, we postulated that the latent variables related to the neurovascular coupling relation (found with CCA) would be differently affected at the PFC and the SMC during the adaptive balance training [19] that can be facilitated by priming the brain with bilateral ctDCS of Crus I-Crus II (in Functional Gradient 1, [24]), deep dentate nucleus and lobules VIIb-IX (in Functional Gradient 2, [24]). This hypothesis is based on prior fMRI studies [32] that showed that distinct areas of PFC are functionally connected to multiple regions of the human cerebellum, e.g., Crus I with medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), Crus II with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), while dorsal lobule VI and ventral VIIB-VIIIA with anterior prefrontal cortex (APFC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with electroencephalography of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation responses in the latent neurovascular coupling space – a chronic stroke study

Rezaee

Ranjan

Solanki

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract-Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) can facilitate motor learning; however, ctDCS effects have not been investigated using portable neuroimaging vis-à-vis lobular electric field strength. This is important since the subjectspecific residual architecture for cerebellar interconnections with the cerebral cortex, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the sensorimotor cortex (SMC), can influence the ctDCS effects on the cerebral functional activation. In this study, we investigated functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in conjunction with electroencephalography (EEG) to measure the changes in the brain activation at the PFC and the SMC following virtual reality (VR)-based Balance Training (VBaT), before and after ctDCS treatment in 12 hemiparetic chronic stroke survivors. Furthermore, we performed general linear modeling (GLM) that can putatively associate the lobular electric field strength due to ctDCS priming with the changes in the fNIRS-EEG measures in the chronic stroke survivors. Here, fNIRS-EEG based measures were investigated in their latent space found using canonical correlation analysis (CCA) that is postulated to capture neurovascular coupling. We found that the ctDCS electrode montage, as well as the state (pre-intervention, during intervention, post-intervention), had a significant (p<0.05) effect on the changes in the canonical scores of oxy-hemoglobin (O2Hb) signal measured with fNIRS. Also, skill acquisition during first exposure to VBaT decreased the activation (canonical score of O2Hb) of PFC of the non-lesioned hemisphere in the novices at their first exposure before the ctDCS intervention. Moreover, ctDCS intervention targeting the leg representation in the cerebellum led to a decrease in the canonical scores of O2Hb at the lesioned SMC, which is postulated to be related to the cerebellar brain inhibition. Furthermore, ctDCS electrode montage, as well as the state, had a significant (p<0.05) interaction effect on the canonical scores of log10-transformed EEG bandpower. Our current study showed the feasibility of fNIRS-EEG imaging of the ctDCS responses in the latent neurovascular coupling space that can not only be used for monitoring the dynamical changes in the brain activation associated with ctDCS-facilitated VBaT, but may also be useful in subject-specific current steering for tDCS to target the cerebral fNIRS-EEG sources to reduce inter-individual variability.Index Terms-Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation, balance training, virtual reality, portable neuroimaging, chronic stroke.Zeynab Rezaee (equal first), Shashi Ranjan (equal first), Dhaval Solanki, Mahasweta Bhattacharya, MV Padma Srivastava, Uttama Lahiri (equal last), and Anirban Dutta (equal last)

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Cerebellar Functional Anatomy: a Didactic Summary Based on Human fMRI Evidence

Cited by 144 publications

References 41 publications

Location and Size of Preterm Cerebellar Hemorrhage and Childhood Development

Location and Size of Preterm Cerebellar Hemorrhage and Childhood Development

Voxel-based morphometry and task functional magnetic resonance imaging in essential tremor: evidence for a disrupted brain network

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with electroencephalography of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation responses in the latent neurovascular coupling space – a chronic stroke study

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