Cerebellar oxidative stress and fine motor impairment in adolescent rats exposed to hyperthermia-induced seizures is prevented by maternal caffeine intake during gestation and lactation

Hyperthermia‐induced seizures produce long‐term effects on the functionality of adenosine A1 receptor in rat cerebral cortex

“…This developmental stage is equivalent to a human between several months and 3 years old, a period especially susceptible to FS. Hyperthermia was induced using a warmed air stream (45–50°C) from a hair dryer located 50 cm above a plastic chamber (17 × 12 × 12 cm) using a protocol previously described (Baram et al, ; Crespo et al, ; Crespo, León‐Navarro, & Martín, ; León‐Navarro et al, ). Rectal temperature was measured at a 2‐min interval.…”

“…Nowadays, it is widely recognized that the activation of A 1 R and A 2A R both exerts anticonvulsant effects in the brain and controls neuronal damage after convulsions, thus dampening epileptogenesis (Canas et al, ; El Yacoubi, Ledent, Parmentier, Costentin, & Vaugeois, ). We previously described the effect of HIS on A 1 R density in several brain regions (Crespo, León‐Navarro, & Martín, ; León‐Navarro, Albasanz, & Martín, ). Here, we analyzed the functionality of A 1 R, measured as forskolin‐stimulated AC inhibition by selective agonist, shortly after hyperthermic seizures and then 2 months later.…”

Inflammation: Cause or Consequence of Epilepsy?

“…Fever is the elevation of the body temperature set point within the hypothalamus which results in an elevation of core temperature and is generated by inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and prostaglandins which then invokes a systemic inflammatory response [28,29]. A widely used hyperthermia-induced seizure model for studying FS is one in which hyperthermia is induced using a regulated stream of mildly heated air to increase the body temperature of neonatal rats aged 10-13 days [30][31][32]. The brain development of rats between 10 and 15 postnatal days best corresponds to the development of brain in human infants when they are most susceptible to FS [30].…”

“…The behaviors exhibited by the pups, such as biting tonic stiffening, and falling over, are similar to those observed after administration of convulsants. Generalized tonic seizures are rarely observed, however [30,32]. In addition to biochemical analysis, behavioral tests such as the balance beam test and footprint test provide information on the severity and progression of seizures.…”

Na+/K+- and Mg2+-ATPases and Their Interaction with AMPA, NMDA and D2 Dopamine Receptors in an Animal Model of Febrile Seizures

“…Moreover, although the mechanisms by which prolonged FS could contribute to epilepsy remains unknown, no cell death and neuronal circuit reorganization seems to be involved, suggesting changes in neuronal function as the main mechanism in the epileptogenic process during development [ 4 , 7 , 8 ]. In that sense, multiple works carried out in recent years have revealed that HIS evoke changes in metabotropic receptors, such as adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptors [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], metabotropic glutamate receptor [ 14 ] or GABA B receptor [ 15 ]. Ionotropic receptors, including NMDA and GABA A receptors, are also modulated by FS [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”