Cerebellar-Parietal Connections Underpin Phonological Storage

Macher, Katja; Böhringer, Andreas; Villringer, Arno; Pleger, Burkhard

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0106-14.2014

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Combined NIBS and neuroimaging studies (Censor et al, , 2014Macher et al, 2014;Vidal-Pineiro et al, 2014) may shed light on how functional interactions between remote but interconnected brain regions may mediate strengthening of existing memories in young and older adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Stimulation of Prefrontal Cortex Strengthens Existing Episodic Memories and Reduces Forgetting in the Elderly

et al. 2017

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Memory consolidation is a dynamic process. Reactivation of consolidated memories by a reminder triggers reconsolidation, a time-limited period during which existing memories can be modified (i.e., weakened or strengthened). Episodic memory refers to our ability to recall specific past events about what happened, including where and when. Difficulties in this form of long-term memory commonly occur in healthy aging. Because episodic memory is critical for daily life functioning, the development of effective interventions to reduce memory loss in elderly individuals is of great importance. Previous studies in young adults showed that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays a causal role in strengthening of verbal episodic memories through reconsolidation. The aim of the present study was to explore the extent to which facilitatory transcranial direct current stimulation (anodal tDCS) over the left DLPFC would strengthen existing episodic memories through reconsolidation in elderly individuals. On Day 1, older adults learned a list of 20 words. On Day 2 (24 h later), they received a reminder or not, and after 10 min tDCS was applied over the left DLPFC. Memory recall was tested on Day 3 (48 h later) and Day 30 (1 month later). Surprisingly, anodal tDCS over the left DLPFC (i.e., with or without the reminder) strengthened existing verbal episodic memories and reduced forgetting compared to sham stimulation. These results provide a framework for testing the hypothesis that facilitatory tDCS of left DLPFC might strengthen existing episodic memories and reduce memory loss in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Stimulation of Prefrontal Cortex Strengthens Existing Episodic Memories and Reduces Forgetting in the Elderly

et al. 2017

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“…Combined noninvasive brain stimulation and neuroimaging studies [61][62][63][64] may shed light on how functional interactions between remote but interconnected brain regions may mediate strengthening of existing memories in young and older adults. The tDCS technique involves the application of weak electrical currents directly to the head for several minutes and these currents generate an electrical field that modulates neuronal activity according to the modality of the application [65,66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Better together: Left and right hemisphere engagement to reduce age-related memory loss

Brambilla

Manenti

Ferrari

et al. 2015

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…They are associated with specific stimulation effects, either in down-regulating and up-regulating cortical states or degrading the signal-to-noise ratio that can impair or improve performance (e.g., Macher et al, 2014; Mathys et al, 2010; Peters et al, 2013; Plewnia et al, 2013; Rogalewski et al, 2004; Zwissler et al, 2014). This implies changes in neuronal activity that continue beyond stimulation and rely on mechanisms comprising inhibitory homeostasis of the system, long-term depression and metaplasticity (Muller-Dahlhaus and Ziemann, 2015).…”

Section: The Application Of Low Intensity Tes In Human Studies: Aementioning

confidence: 99%

Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines

Antal

Alekseichuk

Bikson

et al. 2017

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Low intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) in humans, encompassing transcranial direct current (tDCS), transcutaneous spinal Direct Current Stimulation (tsDCS), transcranial alternating current (tACS), and transcranial random noise (tRNS) stimulation or their combinations, appears to be safe. No serious adverse events (SAEs) have been reported so far in over 18,000 sessions administered to healthy subjects, neurological and psychiatric patients, as summarized here. Moderate adverse events (AEs), as defined by the necessity to intervene, are rare, and include skin burns with tDCS due to suboptimal electrode-skin contact. Very rarely mania or hypomania was induced in patients with depression (11 documented cases), yet a causal relationship is difficult to prove because of the low incidence rate and limited numbers of subjects in controlled trials. Mild AEs (MAEs) include headache and fatigue following stimulation as well as prickling and burning sensations occurring during tDCS at peak-to-baseline intensities of 1–2 mA and during tACS at higher peak-to-peak intensities above 2 mA. The prevalence of published AEs is different in studies specifically assessing AEs vs. those not assessing them, being higher in the former. AEs are frequently reported by individuals receiving placebo stimulation. The profile of AEs in terms of frequency, magnitude and type is comparable in healthy and clinical populations, and this is also the case for more vulnerable populations, such as children, elderly persons, or pregnant women. Combined interventions (e.g., co-application of drugs, electrophysiological measurements, neuroimaging) were not associated with further safety issues. Safety is established for low-intensity ‘conventional’ TES defined as <4 mA, up to 60 min duration per day. Animal studies and modeling evidence indicate that brain injury could occur at predicted current densities in the brain of 6.3–13 A/m2 that are over an order of magnitude above those produced by tDCS in humans. Using AC stimulation fewer AEs were reported compared to DC. In specific paradigms with amplitudes of up to 10 mA, frequencies in the kHz range appear to be safe. In this paper we provide structured interviews and recommend their use in future controlled studies, in particular when trying to extend the parameters applied. We also discuss recent regulatory issues, reporting practices and ethical issues. These recommendations achieved consensus in a meeting, which took place in Göttingen, Germany, on September 6–7, 2016 and were refined thereafter by email correspondence.

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Cerebellar-Parietal Connections Underpin Phonological Storage

Cited by 54 publications

References 53 publications

Noninvasive Stimulation of Prefrontal Cortex Strengthens Existing Episodic Memories and Reduces Forgetting in the Elderly

Noninvasive Stimulation of Prefrontal Cortex Strengthens Existing Episodic Memories and Reduces Forgetting in the Elderly

Better together: Left and right hemisphere engagement to reduce age-related memory loss

Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines

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