Cerebellar projections to the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and the thalamic reticular nucleus in the cat

Nakamura, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1002/jnr.24105

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…To identify neurons that project directly to TRN, we injected into the TRN an AAV (AAVrg-hSyn-Chronos-GFP) that infects presynaptic terminals and moves retrogradely along axons to the parent cell body ( Klapoetke et al, 2014 ; Tervo et al, 2016 ). We observed expression in the contralateral ventrolateral dentate and dorsolateral interpositus nuclei ( Figures 3D - 3G and S5 ), consistent with prior reports ( Angaut et al, 1968 ; Cavdar et al, 2002 ; Chan-Palay, 2013 ; Nakamura, 2018 ; Figure S6 ). One injection missed TRN and instead infected the nearby internal capsule ( Figure S5 ), and it did not label DCNs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Lobules I–VII and crus II sent paths to TRN, a known, although neglected, monosynaptic target of DCN ( Ando et al, 1995 ). Our dentate and interpositus connectivity with TRN agrees with rat ( Cavdar et al, 2002 ; Chan-Palay, 2013 ; Figure S6 ) and cat findings ( Angaut et al, 1968 ; Nakamura, 2018 ). TRN is the only thalamic nucleus that is inhibitory and projects exclusively within the thalamus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Homologous organization of cerebellar pathways to sensory, motor, and associative forebrain

et al. 2021

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SUMMARY Cerebellar outputs take polysynaptic routes to reach the rest of the brain, impeding conventional tracing. Here, we quantify pathways between the cerebellum and forebrain by using transsynaptic tracing viruses and a whole-brain analysis pipeline. With retrograde tracing, we find that most descending paths originate from the somatomotor cortex. Anterograde tracing of ascending paths encompasses most thalamic nuclei, especially ventral posteromedial, lateral posterior, mediodorsal, and reticular nuclei. In the neocortex, sensorimotor regions contain the most labeled neurons, but we find higher densities in associative areas, including orbital, anterior cingulate, prelimbic, and infralimbic cortex. Patterns of ascending expression correlate with c-Fos expression after optogenetic inhibition of Purkinje cells. Our results reveal homologous networks linking single areas of the cerebellar cortex to diverse forebrain targets. We conclude that shared areas of the cerebellum are positioned to provide sensory-motor information to regions implicated in both movement and nonmotor function.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Homologous organization of cerebellar pathways to sensory, motor, and associative forebrain

et al. 2021

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“…To identify neurons that project directly to TRN, we injected into the TRN an AAV (AAVrg-hSyn-Chronos-GFP) that infects presynaptic terminals and moves retrogradely along axons to the parent cell body (Klapoetke et al, 2014;Tervo et al, 2016). We observed expression in the contralateral ventrolateral dentate and dorsolateral interpositus nuclei (Figure 3d-g and S5), consistent with prior reports (Angaut et al, 1968;Cavdar et al, 2002;Chan-Palay, 2013;Nakamura, 2018) (Figure S6). One injection missed TRN, and instead infected the nearby internal capsule (Figure S5), and did not label DCN.…”

Section: Dcn Project Directly To the Reticular Thalamic Nucleussupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Lobules I-VII and crus II sent paths to TRN, a known, though neglected, monosynaptic target of DCN (Ando et al, 1995). Our dentate and interpositus connectivity with TRN agrees with rat (Cavdar et al, 2002;Chan-Palay, 2013) (Figure S6) and cat findings (Angaut et al, 1968;Nakamura, 2018). TRN is the only thalamic nucleus that is inhibitory and projects exclusively within thalamus.…”

Section: Modulatory Pathwayssupporting

confidence: 73%

Homologous organization of cerebellar pathways to sensory, motor, and associative forebrain

Pisano

Dhanerawala

Kislin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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16Cerebellar outputs take multisynaptic paths to reach higher brain areas, impeding tracing 17 efforts. Here we quantify pathways between cerebellum and contralateral 18 thalamic/corticostriatal structures using the anterograde transsynaptic tracer herpes 19 simplex virus type 1 (H129), the retrograde tracer pseudorabies virus (Bartha), adeno-20 associated virus, and a whole-brain pipeline for neuron-level analysis using light-sheet 21 microscopy. In ascending pathways, sensorimotor regions contained the most labeled 22 neurons, but higher densities were found in associative areas, including orbital, anterior 23 cingulate, prelimbic, and infralimbic cortex. Ascending paths passed through most 24 thalamic nuclei, especially ventral posteromedial and lateral posterior (sensorimotor), 25 mediodorsal (associative), and reticular (modulatory) nuclei. Retrograde tracing revealed 26 descending paths originating largely from somatomotor cortex. Patterns of ascending 27 influence correlated with anatomical pathway strengths, as measured by brainwide 28 mapping of c-Fos responses to optogenetic inhibition of Purkinje cells. Our results 29 reveal parallel functional networks linking cerebellum to forebrain and suggest that 30 cerebellum uses sensory-motor information to guide both movement and nonmotor 31 functions. 32 most mammalian brains 8 . The major descending corticocerebellar pathway passes through the 41 pons and the majority of returning ascending fibers pass through the thalamus 9,10 , comprising 42 two massive within-brain long-distance pathways 11 . Other polysynaptic pathways exist between 43 the cerebellum and neocortex, including a smaller ascending pathway through ventral tegmental 44 area that has attracted recent interest 12 . These descending and ascending pathways are 45 suggested to form closed loops 13 , giving each cerebellar region one or more specific neocortical 46 partners with which it exchanges information. 47This picture lacks critical information: the identity of those distant regions, which have 48 been difficult to map. Given the brain-wide nature of cerebello-cortical pathways, researchers 49 have used large-scale approaches to examine the functional significance of these pathways. 50Transcranial magnetic stimulation in humans demonstrated that the cerebellum influences 51 neocortical excitability 14 , including cognitive and affective circuits 15 . Functional MRI can attain 52 subcentimeter resolution, detect long-distance correlations 16 , and when coupled with cerebellar 53 stimulation, demonstrate causal relationships 17 . Functional imaging at cellular resolution in 54 nonhuman animals has been made possible by visualizing c-Fos, an immediate-early gene 55 product whose expression is regulated by neural activity. Although useful in demonstrating 56 communication with distant brain regions, these methods do not provide cellular-resolution 57 information about cerebello-cortical circuits. 58Pathways entering and exiting the cerebellum pass through synapses in the brainstem 59 and the cer...

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“…3). Топографическая организация проявляется в том, что в проекционные сенсорные талами-Возможные механизмы взаимозависимого участия базальных ганглиев... ческие ядра (наружное и внутреннее коленчатые тела), в связанное с моторной корой вентролатеральное ядро и в связанное с ПфК медиодорзальное ядро возбуждение поступает из разных ядер ГЯМ (Bohne et al 2019;Çavdar et al 2014;Halverson et al 2010;Nakamura 2018). Афференты из вентролатерального таламического ядра конвергируют на нейронах дорзальной (моторной) части стриатума с афферентами из моторной коры (McFarland, Haber 2000).…”

Section: организация межнейронных связей в сети включающей мозжечок базальные ганглии неокортекс таламус и дофаминергические структурыunclassified

Possible mechanisms of interdependent roles of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in the functioning of motor and sensory systems

Гершовна

2021

Integrative Physiology

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The article describes a mechanism of functioning of the neural network that includes the neocortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and thalamus. This mechanism explains the role of the cerebellum in the performance of tasks previously associated with the basal ganglia and neocortex. Rules for long-term modifications of the efficacy of synaptic inputs to cerebellar neurons and spiny cells of the striatum, an input nucleus of the basal ganglia, have been formulated. These rules differ from those generally accepted. It follows from the proposed modulation rules that the activation of D1 receptors promotes the induction of LTP in synapses formed by mossy fibers carrying sensory information to cerebellar granule cells as well as neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei (providing that they are inhibited by Purkinje cells). This results in the enhanced disynaptic (through the thalamic nuclei) excitation of the cerebellum target cells in the neocortex, striatum and dopaminergic structures. An increase in thalamo-striatal excitation, as well as the activation of D1 receptors on striatonigral cells and D2 receptors on striatopallidal cells, promotes the induction of LTP and LTD of the efficacy of cortical inputs to these neurons, respectively. As a consequence, synergistic disinhibition via the direct and indirect pathways through the basal ganglia is facilitated for those thalamic cells and associated neocortical neurons that were initially strongly activated by sensory stimuli. Simultaneously, the inhibition of the activity of remaining thalamic and neocortical neurons by the basal ganglia must be increased. The mechanism of functioning is similar for diverse the neuronal networks, each of which includes topographically connected areas of the neocortex, thalamus and basal ganglia. Since cerebellar granule cells as well as dopaminergic neurons respond to a conditioned sensory signal and reinforcing stimulus, it follows from the proposed mechanism that the cerebellum, together with the basal ganglia, may form the patterns of neuronal activity in neocortical areas determining sensory perception and choice of action.

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Cerebellar projections to the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and the thalamic reticular nucleus in the cat

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Homologous organization of cerebellar pathways to sensory, motor, and associative forebrain

Homologous organization of cerebellar pathways to sensory, motor, and associative forebrain

Homologous organization of cerebellar pathways to sensory, motor, and associative forebrain

Possible mechanisms of interdependent roles of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in the functioning of motor and sensory systems

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