Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Applied over Multiple Days Does Not Enhance Motor Learning of a Complex Overhand Throwing Task in Young Adults

Pantovic, Milan; Lidstone, Daniel E.; de Albuquerque, Lidio Lima; Wilkins, Erik W.; Munoz, Irwin A.; Aynlender, Daniel G.; Morris, Desiree; Dufek, Janet S.; Poston, Brach

doi:10.3390/bioengineering10111265

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 77 publications

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“…The 1 mV stimulation intensity as a percentage of maximum stimulator output (% MSO) was determined according to the procedures of previous studies [57,58]. Briefly, the stimulation intensity started at 55% of MSO and adjusted while MEPs were monitored and quantified online until the average MEP amplitudes were as close as possible to 1 mV.…”

Section: The 1 MV Stimulation Intensity Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Influence of Inter-Trial Interval on the Assessment of Short-Interval Intracortical Inhibition

de Albuquerque,

Pantovic,

Wilkins

et al. 2024

Bioengineering

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Short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) is a common paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measure used to assess primary motor cortex (M1) interneuron activity in healthy populations and in neurological disorders. Many of the parameters of TMS stimulation to most accurately measure SICI have been determined. However, one TMS parameter that has not been investigated is the time between SICI trials (termed inter-trial interval; ITI). This is despite a series of single-pulse TMS studies which have reported that motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude were suppressed for short, but not long ITIs in approximately the initial ten trials of a TMS block of 20–30 trials. The primary purpose was to examine the effects of ITI on the quantification of SICI at rest. A total of 23 healthy adults completed an experimental session that included four SICI trial blocks. Each block utilized a different ITI (4, 6, 8, and 10 s) and was comprised of a total of 26 SICI trials divided into three epochs. ANOVA revealed that the main effects for ITI and epoch as well as their interaction were all non-statistically significant for SICI. We conclude that the shorter (4–6 s) ITIs used in studies investigating SICI should not alter the interpretation of M1 activity, while having the advantages of being more comfortable to participants and reducing the experimental time needed to evaluate perform single and paired-pulse TMS experiments.

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Section: The 1 MV Stimulation Intensity Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Influence of Inter-Trial Interval on the Assessment of Short-Interval Intracortical Inhibition

de Albuquerque,

Pantovic,

Wilkins

et al. 2024

Bioengineering

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Motor Learning in a Complex Motor Task Is Unaffected by Three Consecutive Days of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

Wilkins,

Pantovic,

Noorda

et al. 2024

Bioengineering

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Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) delivered to the primary motor cortex (M1) can increase cortical excitability, entrain neuronal firing patterns, and increase motor skill acquisition in simple motor tasks. The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of tACS applied to M1 over three consecutive days of practice on the motor learning of a challenging overhand throwing task in young adults. The secondary aim was to examine the influence of tACS on M1 excitability. This study implemented a double-blind, randomized, SHAM-controlled, between-subjects experimental design. A total of 24 healthy young adults were divided into tACS and SHAM groups and performed three identical experimental sessions that comprised blocks of overhand throwing trials of the right dominant arm concurrent with application of tACS to the left M1. Performance in the overhand throwing task was quantified as the endpoint error. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were assessed in the right first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to quantify changes in M1 excitability. Endpoint error was significantly decreased in the post-tests compared with the pre-tests when averaged over the three days of practice (p = 0.046), but this decrease was not statistically significant between the tACS and SHAM groups (p = 0.474). MEP amplitudes increased from the pre-tests to the post-tests (p = 0.003), but these increases were also not different between groups (p = 0.409). Overall, the main findings indicated that tACS applied to M1 over multiple days does not enhance motor learning in a complex task to a greater degree than practice alone (SHAM).

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Non-Dominant Hemisphere Excitability Is Unaffected during and after Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Dominant Hemisphere

Wilkins,

Young,

Houston

et al. 2024

Brain Sciences

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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) increases primary motor cortex (M1) excitability and improves motor performance when applied unilaterally to the dominant hemisphere. However, the influence of tDCS on contralateral M1 excitability both during and after application has not been quantified. The purpose was to determine the influence of tDCS applied to the dominant M1 on the excitability of the contralateral non-dominant M1. This study employed a double-blind, randomized, SHAM-controlled, within-subject crossover experimental design. Eighteen young adults performed two experimental sessions (tDCS, SHAM) in counterbalanced order separated by a one-week washout. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to quantify the excitability of the contralateral M1 to which anodal tDCS was applied for 20 min with a current strength of 1 mA. Motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes were assessed in 5 TMS test blocks (Pre, D5, D10, D15, and Post). The Pre and Post TMS test blocks were performed immediately before and after tDCS application, whereas the TMS test blocks performed during tDCS were completed at the 5, 10, and 15 min stimulation timepoints. MEPs were analyzed with a 2 condition (tDCS, SHAM) × 5 test (Pre, D5, D10, D15, Post) within-subject ANOVA. The main effect for condition (p = 0.213), the main effect for test (p = 0.502), and the condition × test interaction (p = 0.860) were all not statistically significant. These results indicate that tDCS does not modulate contralateral M1 excitability during or immediately after application, at least under the current set of common tDCS parameters of stimulation.

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Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Applied over Multiple Days Does Not Enhance Motor Learning of a Complex Overhand Throwing Task in Young Adults

Cited by 3 publications

References 77 publications

Exploring the Influence of Inter-Trial Interval on the Assessment of Short-Interval Intracortical Inhibition

Exploring the Influence of Inter-Trial Interval on the Assessment of Short-Interval Intracortical Inhibition

Motor Learning in a Complex Motor Task Is Unaffected by Three Consecutive Days of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

Non-Dominant Hemisphere Excitability Is Unaffected during and after Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Dominant Hemisphere

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