Cerebral amyloid PET imaging in Alzheimer’s disease

Jack, Clifford R.; Barrio, Jorge R.; Kepe, Vladimir

doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1185-7

Cited by 111 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(215 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, amyloid imaging was reported as negative in patients with other frontotemporal dementias (Drzezga et al, 2008;Kobylecki et al, 2015). Amyloid imaging reveals the accumulation of neuritic plaques in 60% of MCI patients, which is consistent with the incidence of AD pathology in autopsy studies (Jack et al, 2013). The probability of a positive scan is higher in amnestic MCI (68%) than in non-amnestic MCI (19%) and when other biomarkers of neurodegeneration are detected (Banzo et al, 2016).…”

Section: Amyloid Imagingsupporting

confidence: 64%

Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias

Sole¹,

Malaspina²,

A³

2016

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SummaryNeuroimaging, both with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), has gained a pivotal role in the diagnosis of primary neurodegenerative diseases. These two techniques are used as biomarkers of both pathology and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to differentiate AD from other neurodegenerative diseases. MRI is able to identify structural changes including patterns of atrophy characterizing neurodegenerative diseases, and to distinguish these from other causes of cognitive impairment, e.g. infarcts, space-occupying lesions and hydrocephalus. PET is widely used to identify regional patterns of glucose utilization, since distinct patterns of distribution of cerebral glucose metabolism are related to different subtypes of neurodegenerative dementia. The use of PET in mild cognitive impairment, though controversial, is deemed helpful for predicting conversion to dementia and the dementia clinical subtype. Recently, new radiopharmaceuticals for the in vivo imaging of amyloid burden have been licensed and more tracers are being developed for the assessment of tauopathies and inflammatory processes, which may underlie the onset of the amyloid cascade. At present, the cerebral amyloid burden, imaged with PET, may help to exclude the presence of AD as well as forecast its possible onset. Finally PET imaging may be particularly useful in ongoing clinical trials for the development of dementia treatments. In the near future, the use of the above methods, in accordance with specific guidelines, along with the use of effective treatments will likely lead to more timely and successful treatment of neurodegenerative dementias.

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Section: Amyloid Imagingsupporting

confidence: 64%

Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias

Sole¹,

Malaspina²,

A³

2016

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“…11 It helped clarify the longitudinal associations of parenchymal amyloid with clinical and other imaging findings in patients with AD as well as healthy older adults. 12 PET amyloid imaging also helped in assessing the efficacy of treatments targeting brain amyloid. 12 PET and MRI-based molecular imaging methods have been gradually implemented in clinical research to uncover mechanisms of damage in the most common types of SVD.…”

Section: Molecular Neuroimaging Studies In Vci Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 PET amyloid imaging also helped in assessing the efficacy of treatments targeting brain amyloid. 12 PET and MRI-based molecular imaging methods have been gradually implemented in clinical research to uncover mechanisms of damage in the most common types of SVD. An overview of the PET and MRI-based methods that are currently available or under development can be found in the Table.…”

Section: Molecular Neuroimaging Studies In Vci Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Neuroimaging in Vascular Cognitive Impairment

Gurol

2016

Stroke

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“…Recent evidence comparing amyloid PET studies with postmortem or biopsy results raises doubt about this method as representative of Aβ loads in the living human brain, which may be due to various reasons [62][63][64]. On the other hand, 55% prevalence of PiB positivity was observed in non-demented subjects aged >80 years, and 85% positivity in the ApoE ε4-positive non-demented elderly subjects [65].…”

Section: Clinical Diagnostic Criteria-diagnostic Challengesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Neuropathology of Dementia Disorders

Jellinger¹

2014

J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism

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IntroductionDementia, encompassing deficits in several cognitive domains that are severe enough to interfere with daily functioning [1], in the new DSM V classification is classified within the broad category of major neurocognitive disorders, proposing specific criteria for the various etiologies [2]. Previously defined as the manifestation of deteriorating brain functions over time due to cell deaths in the brain caused by neurodegeneration or any other disease [3], according to recent research dementia is not primarily caused by neuronal cell death/loss, but by dysfunction and loss of synapses [4] in AD [5] and in α-synucleinopathies [6]. Other causes include cholinergic neuronal and axonal abnormalities [7,8], as well as pre-and postsynaptic cortical cholinergic deficits also occurring in early AD [9]. These changes due to disconnection of major nervous circuitries causing default networks [10][11][12][13] have been demonstrated in vivo in early AD [14], suggesting that disease progress is transmitted by neuronal pathways [15]. A prionlike spread of misfolded protein aggregates in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegeneration is a hot spot of discussion [16][17][18][19][20][21].Both the prevalence and incidence of dementia increase exponentially with age. In 2010, 35.6 million people worldwide lived with dementia, with around 8 million new cases every year. Numbers are expected to double or triple every 5-10 years, to 135 millions in 2050, 16 millions in Europe. In 2010, 58% of all demented people lived in low-cost countries, with their proportion anticipated to rise to 71% in 2050 [22]. According to recent data from China the incidence of dementia was 9.87/1000 person years and the median standardised mortality ratio was 1.94:1 [23]. With the disproportional growth of the elderly population, dementia has become a major public health and socio-economic problem that threatens to become the scourge of our century. The total costs for dementia were US$ 604 billion in 2010 worldwide, up to 70% for social care alone [24], total payments for AD for 2013 were expected to be $ 203 billion in USA alone, not included contributions of unpaid caregivers [25]. Neuropathology of Dementia DisordersKurt A Jellinger* Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Kenyongasse 18, A 1070, Vienna, Austria AbstractDementia, being not a specific disease but a syndrome characterized by deficits in several cognitive domains, is a major public health and socio-economic problem of our century. It is caused by dysfunction/loss of synapses and neurons inducing default neuronal networks. Despite updated concensus criteria for the clinical diagnosis of the major neurodegenerative disorders and new biomarkers, the diagnostic accuracy ranges from 65 to 96% (for Alzheimer's disease /AD), with a sensitivity versus other dementias of around 85.4% and a specificity of up to 77.7%. Pathologic assessment, using genetic and molecular biological methods, based on homogenous definitions, harmonized interlaboratory and assessment standards, can achiev...

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Cerebral amyloid PET imaging in Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 111 publications

References 116 publications

Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias

Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias

Molecular Neuroimaging in Vascular Cognitive Impairment

Neuropathology of Dementia Disorders

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