Cerebral atherosclerosis in swine: Role of necrosis in progression of diet-induced lesions from proliferative to atheromatous stage

Imai, Hisashi; Thomas, W.A.

doi:10.1016/s0014-4800(68)80004-8

Cited by 42 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The canine (mongrel) basilar artery without atherosclerosis has been used to study the effect of stent deployment in the intracranial vasculature on endothelization, smooth muscle proliferation, intimal fibrin density, and inflammatory response 91. Some studies have studied ICAD in swine and cockerels 92, 93…”

Section: Existing Experimental Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease: An update

Qureshi

Feldmann

Gomez³

et al. 2009

Annals of Neurology

104

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The consensus conference on intracranial atherosclerosis provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature relevant to the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of intracranial atherosclerosis, and identifies principles of management and research priorities. Patients who have suffered a stroke or transient ischemic attack attributed to stenosis (50-99%) of a major intracranial artery face a 12 to 14% risk for subsequent stroke during the 2-year period after the initial ischemic event, despite treatment with antithrombotic medications. The annual risk for subsequent stroke may exceed 20% in high-risk groups. In patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease, short-term and long-term anticoagulation is not superior to antiplatelet treatment. Overall, the subgroup analyses from randomized trials provide evidence about benefit of aggressive atherogenic risk factor management. Intracranial angioplasty with or without stent placement has evolved as a therapeutic option for patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease, particularly those with high-grade stenosis with recurrent ischemic symptoms, medication failure, or both. A multicenter randomized trial is currently under way to compare stent placement with intense medical management for patients with high-grade symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease.

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Section: Existing Experimental Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease: An update

Qureshi

Feldmann

Gomez³

et al. 2009

Annals of Neurology

104

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“…He called this stage fibro‐fatty degeneration1. Imai and Thomas studied diet‐induced lesions in cerebral atherosclerosis in swine some 30 years ago2. These authors examined the induced atherosclerotic lesions extensively by transmission electron microscopy and found smooth muscle cell (SMC) death in the plaques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of apoptosis in vascular disease

Kockx

Knaapen²

2000

J. Pathol.

151

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Normal arteries are characterized by a low turnover of endothelial (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC). Different mechanisms protect the EC and SMC against apoptosis in the normal artery. In hypertension, SMC replication is increased but this is not counterbalanced by increased apoptosis, resulting in thickening of the media of arteries and arterioles. The significance of apoptosis in atherosclerosis depends on the stage of the plaque, localization and the cell types involved. Both macrophages and SMC undergo apoptosis in atherosclerotic plaques. Apoptosis of macrophages is mainly present in regions showing signs of DNA synthesis/repair. SMC apoptosis is mainly present in less cellular regions and is not associated with DNA synthesis/repair. Even in the early stages of atherosclerosis SMC become susceptible to apoptosis since they increase different pro‐apoptotic factors. Moreover, recent data indicate that SMC may be killed by activated macrophages. The loss of the SMC can be detrimental for plaque stability since most of the interstitial collagen fibres, which are important for the tensile strength of the fibrous cap, are produced by SMC. Apoptosis of macrophages could be beneficial for plaque stability if apoptotic bodies were removed. Apoptotic cells that are not scavenged in the plaque activate thrombin, which could further induce intraplaque thrombosis. It can be concluded that apoptosis in primary atherosclerosis is detrimental since it could lead to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Recent data of our group indicate that apoptosis decreased after lipid lowering which could be important in the understanding of the cell biology of plaque stabilization. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…The canine (mongrel) basilar artery without atherosclerosis has been used to study the effect of stent deployment in the intracranial vasculature on endothelialization, smooth muscle proliferation, intimal fibrin density, and inflammatory response 18 . Some studies have also studied cerebral atherosclerosis in swines and cockerels 19,20 …”

Section: A Critical Appraisal Of Existing Experimental Models and Recmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Priorities for Intracranial Atherosclerotic Diseases

Qureshi

Taylor

2009

Journal of Neuroimaging

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The current review summarizes the characteristics of existing experimental models for intracranial atherosclerosis in rabbits, pigs, and dogs with potential implications for research. New methodologies for understanding plaque morphology, and plaque quantitation and its prognostic implications are important for risk stratification in regards to ischemic events and lesion progression. A potential treatment strategy for intracranial atherosclerotic disease may be aimed at medical therapies that induce plaque regression. The treatment with statins to stabilize and/or promote plaque regression of intracranial atherosclerotic lesions is largely inferred from data in the coronary literature. In patients with multisegmented intracranial atherosclerotic diseases with no other therapeutic option, angiogenic growth factors may represent a new venue.

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Cerebral atherosclerosis in swine: Role of necrosis in progression of diet-induced lesions from proliferative to atheromatous stage

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease: An update

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease: An update

The role of apoptosis in vascular disease

Research Priorities for Intracranial Atherosclerotic Diseases

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