Cerebral Blood Circulation in Dementia

Hedlund, Sven; Köhler, Valentin; Nylin, Gustav; Olsson, Richard F.; Regnström, O.; Rothström, E.; Åström, Kalle

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1964.tb05736.x

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, few CBF studies have carefully separated WKS patients from chronic alcoholic pa tients displaying neurotoxic effects of alcohol but without WKS. Well-documented patients with re cent WKS in whom CBF measurements were made have been reported by Berglund and Ingvar (1976), Hedlund et at. (1964), Fazekas and Bessman (1953), and Shimojyo et al (1967).…”

mentioning

confidence: 72%

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Cerebral Atrophy and Hypoperfusion Improve during Treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Meyer

Tanahashi

Ishikawa

et al. 1985

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Nineteen patients with sudden onset of impaired recent memory, cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and other signs of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) were treated and examined prospectively for 3 months. Serial studies included histories, neurological examinations, cognitive capacity screening examinations (CCSE), computed tomography (CT) scans, and measurements of regional CBF. Patients were detoxified and withdrawn from sedatives before CBF measurements were examined. Treatment included alcohol withdrawal, nutritious diet, and 300 mg thiamine daily. Before treatment CCSE scores and blood flow values of both white and gray matter were reduced, particularly within both temporoparietal regions. After treatment of compliant patients (n = 10), white and gray matter blood flow increased concurrently with improved CCSE scores. Abnormal eye signs, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and performance of activities of daily living also improved. Cerebral atrophy and ventricular enlargement measured by CT decreased. Early recognition and treatment of WKS in compliant patients permit rapid reversals of cognitive and neurological impairments associated with increased blood flow of gray and white matter and improvements of brain atrophy measured by CT scanning.

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mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…CBF and oxygen and glu cose consumption remained reduced in all their pa tients. Hedlund et al (1964) and Kruger and Hoyer (1979) confirmed reductions of CBF and glucose and oxidative metabolism by � 33% in patients with WKS. Berglund and Ingvar (1976) reported normal CBF values after treatment.…”

Section: Brain Atrophy In Chronic Alcoholism and Wksmentioning

confidence: 89%

Cerebral Atrophy and Hypoperfusion Improve during Treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Meyer

Tanahashi

Ishikawa

et al. 1985

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…100 This "mesial" amnestic syndrome can be differentiated from other syndromes of recent memory loss such as herpetic encephalitis, for example, that results from relatively circumscribed medial temporal lesions. 101 Relatively early studies found that during the acute stages of Wernicke's encephalopathy and during the initial presentation of KD, functional activity as determined by global measures was reduced [102][103][104] or unchanged. 105,106 Hunter et al 107 found that cerebrovascular transit time was greater in patients with Korsakoff's psychosis, which also suggests that rates of blood flow were decreased.…”

Section: Wernicke-korsakoff 'S Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Imaging Functional Consequences of Ethanol in the Central Nervous System

Lyons

Whitlow

Smith

et al. 1998

Recent Developments in Alcoholism

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Abstract. In recent years, sophisticated methods have been developed to view structure and function within the living brain. Functional imaging methods are used to visualize dynamic chemical processes that are linked to brain activity. Increased neural activity, for example, leads to greater glucose and oxygen consumption and greater regional rates of blood flow to meet elevated energy demands. Mapping these changes provides quantitative visual descriptions of localized changes in brain activity that result from behavioral or pharmacological manipulations. This chapter first describes several current methods and how they are used to study the effects of alcohol on brain function. In the second part, the effects of acute intoxication are discussed with emphasis on the complex nature of alcohol's effects in the central nervous system, which depend on dose, time since administration, and environmental context. In the final part, the functional consequences of long-term exposure to alcohol as well as diseases associated with chronic alcoholism are reviewed.

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“…However, at the base of these changes may well be, as Kety has pointed out, the normal progressive fall of oxygen utilization and blood supply in the CNS with advancing years (26). It has also been demonstrated convincingly that one of the most consistent physical findings in all organic brain diseases is a substantial reduction of cerebral blood flow associated with increased circulatory resistance (21,1).…”

Section: Psychopathology: Organic Brain Syndromes and Functional Psycmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotherapy in Aged Psychiatric Patients

1969

Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal

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The psychopathology of organic brain syndromes and functional psychiatric disorders in the aged has been outlined, and the various specific and non-specific physical therapies for psychiatric disorders occurring in this age group have been discussed. The indications for electroconvulsive therapy are restricted to depressions, particularly first and acute depressions in this population. Various drug therapies are successfully employed in numerous geriatric conditions. Pharmacotherapy is discussed under six headings: Substitution or replacement therapy —whenever there is a break-down of metabolic processes due to deficiency of an important factor in the complex chain of metabolism; Anticoagulants and Vasodilators — when there is sufficient evidence to believe that decreased brain metabolism plays an important role in the causation of impaired behavioural functioning and inertness; Sedatives (minor tranquillizers) — to control restlessness, tension, anxiety and insomnia; Neuroleptics (major tranquillizers) — for the treatment of psychotic symptoms, e.g. hallucinations, delusions and manneristic behaviour; and Anti-depressants — for the treatment of various depressions. It must be remembered that the general indications for these treatments are the same in geriatric as in younger patients, but the geriatric patient is often more sensitive to drugs and to the side effects they may produce.

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Cerebral Blood Circulation in Dementia

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Cerebral Atrophy and Hypoperfusion Improve during Treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Cerebral Atrophy and Hypoperfusion Improve during Treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Brain Imaging Functional Consequences of Ethanol in the Central Nervous System

Chemotherapy in Aged Psychiatric Patients

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