Cerebral Blood Flow Changes Associated With Schneiderian First-Rank Symptoms in Schizophrenia

Franck, Nicolás; O'Leary, Daniel S.; Flaum, Michael; Hichwa, Richard D.; Andreasen, Nancy C.

doi:10.1176/jnp.14.3.277

Cited by 84 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Furthermore, Mohr et al (2006) showed that performance in this OBT-task positively correlated with degree of positive schizotypy as measured by the frequency of spontaneously experienced schizotypal perceptual alterations (perceptual aberration score; PA score; (Chapman et al, 1978)). As high PA scores have been considered an indicator of psychosis-proneness (Chapman et al, 1994;Lenzenweger, 1994;Tallent and Gooding, 1999), these findings would suggest that positive schizotypy (and by inference passivity symptoms in schizophrenia) might also be associated with impaired neural processing at the TPJ, in concordance with findings in patients with schizophrenia (Spence et al, 1997;Franck et al, 2002;Farrer et al, 2004). Yet, due to their limited temporal resolution the abovementioned fMRI and PET studies did not allow to distinguish between strength-related versus duration-related increases in TPJ activation and can thus not assess some of the basic mechanisms of the functional aberrations in schizophrenic patients (Lehmann et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…These results were replicated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (Ganesan et al, 2005). Franck et al (2002) found a positive correlation between Schneiderian first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia and cerebral blood flow in right parietal cortex, as measured by PET. In a further study, Farrer et al (2004) tested self-other discrimination with PET while healthy subjects and patients with Schneiderian first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia performed arm movements and watched differently distorted images of their arms displayed on a computer screen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Individuals along the schizophrenia spectrum -including patients with schizophrenia, individuals with a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder, and schizotypal individuals from the general healthy population -have been reported to suffer from several disturbances in self-and own body processing such as agency (Spence et al, 1997;Franck et al, 2002;Farrer et al, 2004;Lindner et al, 2005), self-other distinction (Platek and Gallup, 2002;Gallup et al, 2003;Farrer et al, 2004), theory of mind (Frith and Corcoran, 1996;Langdon and Coltheart, 1999), visual-perspective taking (Langdon and Coltheart, 2001;Mohr et al, 2006), and own body perception (Bleuler, 1911(Bleuler, /1950Angyal, 1936;Rado, 1960;Chapman et al, 1978;Meehl, 1990;Blakemore et al, 2000;Lenzenweger, 2000). Recent studies in healthy populations suggest that such self-and body processing relies on brain activity at the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Duration and not strength of activation in temporo-parietal cortex positively correlates with schizotypy

et al. 2007

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Impaired self-and own body processing in patients with schizophrenia and individuals along the schizophrenia spectrum have been associated with dysfunctional cortical activation at the temporo-parietal junction. Here we investigated whether strength or duration of temporo-parietal junction activation during an own body processing task correlates with level of abnormal self-processing in healthy subjects as measured by the frequency of spontaneously experienced schizotypal body schema alterations (perceptual aberrations) and dissociative experiences. Participants carried out a mental imagery task with respect to their own body. Behavioral data and high density EEG were measured. EEG data were analyzed using evoked potential mapping and electrical neuroimaging. Participants completed two validated self-report questionnaires, one asking about perceptual aberration and one about dissociative experiences. The own body transformation task activated the right temporo-parietal junction at 310-390 ms. Participants' reaction times and duration of activation at the right temporo-parietal junction, but not its strength, were found to correlate positively with perceptual aberration scores. No relationship was found with dissociative experiences scores. Brain activations proceeding and following activation of the right temporo-parietal junction did not correlate with scores on either scale. The positive correlation between performance and right temporo-parietal activation in an own body transformation task with perceptual aberrations scores in our healthy population suggests that disturbances in self-and body processing in individuals along the schizophrenia spectrum might be due to prolonged, rather than stronger activation of the right temporo-parietal junction. We argue that this might reflect local pathology, pathologies in cortico-cortical connections and/or re-entry of top-down processing.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Duration and not strength of activation in temporo-parietal cortex positively correlates with schizotypy

et al. 2007

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“…"voices" whereby inner speech is erroneously attributed to external agents) show abnormal activation of primary auditory areas in their left temporal lobe, as if they were processing an external auditory stimulus [63]. Similarly, an increased activity in the right posterior parietal lobe has been observed in patients with delusion of influence, either at rest [64] or during an action recognition task [31]. Such increased activation could likely be related to the loss of frontal inhibition on the corresponding areas.…”

Section: Conclusion a Neural Hypothesis For Self-recognition And Itsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The mechanism of self-recognition in humans

Jeannerod

2003

Behavioural Brain Research

427

256

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Recognizing oneself as the owner of a body and the agent of actions requires specific mechanisms which have been elucidated only recently. One of these mechanisms is the monitoring of signals arising from bodily movements, i.e. the central signals which contribute to the generation of the movements and the sensory signals which arise from their execution. The congruence between these two sets of signals is a strong index for determining the experiences of ownership and agency, which are the main constituents of the experience of being an independent self. This mechanism, however, does not account from the frequent cases where an intention is generated but the corresponding action is not executed. In this paper, it is postulated that such covert actions are internally simulated by activating specific cortical networks or representations of the intended actions. This process of action simulation is also extended to the observation and the recognition of actions performed or intended by other agents. The problem of disentangling representations that pertain to self-intended actions from those that pertain to actions executed or intended by others, is a critical one for attributing actions to their respective agents. Failure to recognize one's own actions and misattribution of actions may result from pathological conditions which alter the readability of these representations.

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“…Chez des patients exprimant des symptômes schneideriens (ayant, par exemple, l'impression que leurs mouvements étaient contrôlés de l'extérieur) au moment de l'expé-rience, cette région pariétale était plus fortement activée que chez les sujets témoins ou que chez les mêmes patients en phase de rémission. On peut noter que cette même région pariétale droite est activée au repos chez des patients présentant un score élevé sur l'échelle d'évaluation des symptômes positifs (SAPS) [1], c'est-à-dire présentant ou ayant présenté une symptomatologie schneiderienne [16]. Notons enfin que l'asymétrie anatomique normale entre les deux régions pariétales infé-rieures au profit de la région pariétale gauche est inversée chez le sujet schizophrène, chez lequel la région droite est plus développée [17].…”

Section: Anatomie Fonctionnelle Des Symptômes Schneideriensunclassified

Les troubles de la reconnaissance de soi : une approche neuropsychologique des symptômes positifs de la schizophrénie

Jeannerod

2003

Med Sci (Paris)

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La distinction entre soi et l'autre est l'une des composantes de la conscience de soi. Pouvoir déterminer si nous sommes bien l'auteur de nos actions ou de nos pensées, ou au contraire pouvoir attribuer à autrui la propriété d'un mouvement ou d'un état d'esprit, sont des fonctions essentielles pour la construction du moi. Même si, chez l'adulte, cette distinction entre soi et autrui s'opère sans difficulté, elle peut devenir problématique dans des circonstances pathologiques. Nous envisagerons ici un exemple caractéristique de fausse attribution, celui qui s'observe chez certains patients schizophréniques. La schizophrénie se présente sous la forme d'un ensemble très riche de symptômes groupés, selon les auteurs, autour de tableaux cliniques plus ou moins bien différenciés. Une distinction classique est celle qui sépare les symptômes « négatifs » (immobilité, passivité, perte du contact, indifférence affective) et les symptômes « positifs » tels que les hallucinations, les pensées imposées (automatisme mental) ou le délire d'influence. Des échelles permettent de quantifier l'intensité de ces symptômes [1, 2]. Schneider [3] considérait les symptômes positifs comme des symptômes « de premier rang », indispensables au diagnostic de la maladie. Ces symptômes, pensait-il, traduisent la rupture d'un mécanisme normal qui permet de tracer la frontière entre soi et les autres: les patients interprètent leurs pensées et leurs actions comme dues à des forces étran-gères ou à l'influence d'autres personnes qui exercent leur contrôle sur eux. Cette description fait écho à celle de Janet [4], qui distinguait chez les patients schizophrènes deux types de troubles de l'attribution. Chaque individu posséderait ainsi en lui une représentation de ses propres actions et de ses propres pensées, et une représentation des actions et des pensées de l'autre: les fausses attributions résulteraient d'un déséquilibre entre ces deux représentations. D'un côté, le défaut d'appropriation provoquerait une tendance à projeter sa propre expérience sur des événements ou des personnes extérieures: c'est le cas des hallucinations auditives au cours desquelles le patient entend des voix qui lui parviennent de l'extérieur, mais qui correspondent en fait à son propre langage intérieur, parfois enregistré sous la forme de minimes contractions de la musculature laryngée [5]. D'un autre côté, l'excès d'appropriation provoquerait une tendance du patient à s'attribuer à lui-même des actions exécutées par d'autres et à croire que ses propres actions peuvent influencer le cours des événements exté-rieurs: c'est la mégalomanie. Ces symptômes de premier rang de la schizophrénie, que nous qualifierons par la suite de symptômes « schneideriens », sont maintenant au centre d'un vaste courant de recherche où interagissent, au-delà de la description clinique, les spé-cialistes des sciences cognitives et ceux de la neuro-imagerie, et qui vise à identifier chez ce type de patients un trouble spécifique d'un mécanisme de reconnaissance de l'action. Il est cependant ut...

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Cerebral Blood Flow Changes Associated With Schneiderian First-Rank Symptoms in Schizophrenia

Cited by 84 publications

References 25 publications

Duration and not strength of activation in temporo-parietal cortex positively correlates with schizotypy

Duration and not strength of activation in temporo-parietal cortex positively correlates with schizotypy

The mechanism of self-recognition in humans

Les troubles de la reconnaissance de soi : une approche neuropsychologique des symptômes positifs de la schizophrénie

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