Cerebral blood flow modulations during preparatory attention and proactive inhibition

Duschek, Stefan; Hoffmann, Alexandra; Montoro, Casandra I.; Paso, Gustavo A. Reyes del; Schuepbach, Daniel; Ettinger, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.07.003

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The stronger flow response in the antisaccade than the prosaccade condition replicates a previous finding in healthy participants (Duschek, Hoffmann, Montoro et al, ). This effect may be explained by greater neural activity associated with antisaccades, which are characterized by higher cognitive demands and executive load than prosaccades.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The first component of the MCA blood flow response reflects activity in neural networks relevant to the preparation of antisaccades and prosaccades (Duschek, Hoffmann, Montoro et al, ). Preparation of the more cognitively demanding antisaccades requires executive functions in addition to basic attentional processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding attentional functions, antisaccade preparation mainly requires phasic alertness (i.e., anticipatory enhancement of attentional tone), which at the cortical level is represented in the dorsolateral frontal and inferior parietal lobes (Pardo et al, ; Paus et al, ; Posner & Petersen, ). Cortical activity during prosaccade preparation may be restricted to the latter structures, as preparation of highly automatic behaviors mainly involves phasic alertness (Duschek, Hoffmann, Montoro et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study in healthy subjects, we tested the suitability of fTCD in the assessment of neural activity associated with proactive control based on the precued antisaccade task (Duschek, Hoffmann, Montoro et al, ). In that study, a right dominant anticipatory blood flow increase in the MCA arose, which was stronger during antisaccade than prosaccade preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of the present study was to adopt this previously validated task (Duschek, Hoffmann, Montoro et al, ) to investigate MCA flow velocities during preparatory cognitive processes in hypotension. This task is optimally suited to disentangling basic from more complex processes of proactive control: while prosaccade preparation mainly involves basic attentional processes (i.e., phasic alertness, Posner & Petersen, ), antisaccade preparation additionally requires engagement of the executive function of proactive inhibition (Ballanger, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebral blood flow modulations during antisaccade preparation in chronic hypotension

et al. 2018

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In addition to symptoms including fatigue, dizziness, reduced drive, or mood disturbance, individuals with chronic low blood pressure (hypotension) frequently report cognitive complaints. While attentional deficits have been empirically confirmed, it is still unknown whether the impairments also encompass executive functions. This study investigated cerebral blood flow modulations in hypotension during a precued antisaccade/prosaccade task requiring the executive function of proactive inhibition in addition to preparatory attention. Using functional transcranial Doppler sonography, bilateral blood flow velocities in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) were recorded in 39 hypotensive and 40 normotensive participants. In the task, a stimulus appeared left or right of a fixation point 5 s after a cuing stimulus; subjects had to move their gaze to the mirror image position of the stimulus (antisaccade) or toward it (prosaccade control condition). Video‐based eye tracking was used for ocular recording. A right dominant MCA blood flow increase arose during task preparation, which was smaller in hypotensive than normotensive participants. In addition, hypotensive participants exhibited lower peak velocity of the saccadic response. The extent of the reductions in blood flow and task performance in hypotension did not differ between antisaccade and prosaccade conditions. The smaller MCA flow increase may reflect reduced activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal and inferior parietal cortices during proactive inhibition and preparatory attention in hypotension. Given that group differences in blood flow and performance arose independent of task complexity and executive function load, hypotension may be characterized by basic attentional impairments rather than particular executive function deficits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebral blood flow modulations during antisaccade preparation in chronic hypotension

et al. 2018

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The unidirectional prosaccade switch-cost: no evidence for the passive dissipation of an oculomotor task-set inertia

et al. 2022

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Cognitive flexibility is a core component of executive function and supports the ability to ‘switch’ between different tasks. Our group has examined the cost associated with switching between a prosaccade (i.e., a standard task requiring a saccade to veridical target location) and an antisaccade (i.e., a non-standard task requiring a saccade mirror-symmetrical to veridical target) in predictable (i.e., AABB) and unpredictable (e.g., AABAB…) switching paradigms. Results have shown that reaction times (RTs) for a prosaccade preceded by an antisaccade (i.e., task-switch trial) are longer than when preceded by its same task-type (i.e., task-repeat trial), whereas RTs for antisaccade task-switch and task-repeat trials do not differ. The asymmetrical switch-cost has been attributed to an antisaccade task-set inertia that proactively delays a subsequent prosaccade (i.e., the unidirectional prosaccade switch-cost). A salient question arising from previous work is whether the antisaccade task-set inertia passively dissipates or persistently influences prosaccade RTs. Accordingly, participants completed separate AABB (i.e., A = prosaccade, B = antisaccade) task-switching conditions wherein the preparation interval for each trial was ‘short’ (1000–2000 ms; i.e., the timeframe used in previous work), ‘medium’ (3000–4000 ms) and ‘long’ (5000–6000 ms). Results demonstrated a reliable prosaccade switch-cost for each condition (ps < 0.02) and two one-sided test statistics indicated that switch cost magnitudes were within an equivalence boundary (ps < 0.05). Hence, null and equivalence tests demonstrate that an antisaccade task-set inertia does not passively dissipate and represents a temporally persistent feature of oculomotor control.

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Cerebral blood flow responses during prosaccade and antisaccade preparation in major depression

Hoffmann

Montoro

Paso

et al. 2018

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Cerebral blood flow modulations during preparatory attention and proactive inhibition

Cited by 8 publications

References 66 publications

Cerebral blood flow modulations during antisaccade preparation in chronic hypotension

Cerebral blood flow modulations during antisaccade preparation in chronic hypotension

The unidirectional prosaccade switch-cost: no evidence for the passive dissipation of an oculomotor task-set inertia

Cerebral blood flow responses during prosaccade and antisaccade preparation in major depression

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