Cerebral blood vessel damage in traumatic brain injury

Monson, Kenneth L.; Converse, Matthew I.; Manley, Geoffrey T.

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.02.011

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…TBI is associated with a wide range of deleterious events for cerebral vasculature and tissues that cause immune reactions and leukocyte infiltration in the brain ( Saber et al, 2017 ; Monson et al, 2018 ). The activity of macrophages appears to be a potential therapeutic target in different TBI settings in adult, but not young, rodents ( Febinger et al, 2015 ; Erturk et al, 2016 ; Hanlon et al, 2016 ; Zanier et al, 2016 ; Chhor et al, 2017 ; Saber et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Microglia In Traumatic Brain Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional Microglia–Neuron Communication in Health and Disease

Szepesi

Manouchehrian²,

Bachiller³

et al. 2018

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

374

293

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Microglia are ramified cells that exhibit highly motile processes, which continuously survey the brain parenchyma and react to any insult to the CNS homeostasis. Although microglia have long been recognized as a crucial player in generating and maintaining inflammatory responses in the CNS, now it has become clear, that their function are much more diverse, particularly in the healthy brain. The innate immune response and phagocytosis represent only a little segment of microglia functional repertoire that also includes maintenance of biochemical homeostasis, neuronal circuit maturation during development and experience-dependent remodeling of neuronal circuits in the adult brain. Being equipped by numerous receptors and cell surface molecules microglia can perform bidirectional interactions with other cell types in the CNS. There is accumulating evidence showing that neurons inform microglia about their status and thus are capable of controlling microglial activation and motility while microglia also modulate neuronal activities. This review addresses the topic: how microglia communicate with other cell types in the brain, including fractalkine signaling, secreted soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. We summarize the current state of knowledge of physiological role and function of microglia during brain development and in the mature brain and further highlight microglial contribution to brain pathologies such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, brain ischemia, traumatic brain injury, brain tumor as well as neuropsychiatric diseases (depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia).

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Section: Microglia In Traumatic Brain Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional Microglia–Neuron Communication in Health and Disease

Szepesi

Manouchehrian²,

Bachiller³

et al. 2018

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

374

293

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…We are not aware of any studies that have investigated how varying angular asymmetry would affect stress in vasculature. Monson et al 25 reported that branched cerebral vessels experience larger stresses and strains compared to non-branched segments, but they did not evaluate varying branch angles or angular asymmetry. More studies are necessary to understand how specific loading patterns on branched vessels affect stress at the branch sites.…”

Section: Microvasculature Diameter Angular Asymmetry and Tortuositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Analysis of Retinal Microvasculature to Improve Understanding of Retinal Hemorrhage Mechanics in Infants

Byrne

McMillan

Coats

2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Byrne MP, McMillan KR, Coats B. Morphological analysis of retinal microvasculature to improve understanding of retinal hemorrhage mechanics in infants. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020;61(3):16. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.61.3.16 PURPOSE.In this experimental study, we quantify retinal microvasculature morphological features with depth, region, and age in immature and mature ovine eyes. These data identify morphological vulnerabilities in young eyes to inform the mechanics of retinal hemorrhage in children. METHODS.Retinal specimens from the equator and posterior pole of preterm (n = 4) and adult (n = 9) sheep were imaged using confocal microscopy. Vessel segment length, diameter, angular asymmetry, tortuosity, and branch points were quantified using a custom image segmentation code. Significant differences were identified through twoway ANOVAs and correlation analyses. RESULTS.Vessel segment lengths were significantly shorter in immature eyes compared to adults (P < 0.003) and were significantly shorter at increasing depths in the immature retina (P < 0.04). Tortuosity significantly increased with depth, regardless of age (P < 0.05). These data suggest a potential vulnerability of vasculature in the deeper retinal layers, particularly in immature eyes. Preterm retina had significantly more branch points than adult retina in both the posterior pole and equator, and the number increased significantly with depth (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS.The increased branch points and decreased segment lengths in immature microvasculature suggest that infants will experience greater stress and strain during traumatic loading compared to adults. The increased morphological vulnerability of the immature microvasculature in the deeper layers of the retina suggest that intraretinal hemorrhages have a greater likelihood of occurring from trauma compared to preretinal hemorrhages. The morphological features captured in this study lay the foundation to explore the mechanics of retinal hemorrhage in infants and identify vulnerabilities that explain patterns of retinal hemorrhage in infants.

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“…In addition, details associated with a given TBI incident are typically limited, so the forces and accelerations responsible for the injury are difficult to estimate. 16 Here, we could calculate the resultant von Mises and principal stresses of the cerebral artery (Figure 4). Regardless of the head displacement, the results showed no variation among the induced stresses of the cerebral arterial wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such considerable changes have experimentally been shown to alter vessel hemodynamics and potentially lead to conditions promoting thrombosis and stroke. 16 It has been suggested that the main consequence of TBI is alteration of cerebral blood flow, but the detailed hemodynamic information supporting this is not available. Generally, the brain is sensitive to small changes in perfusion; therefore, the vascular network is designed to control the blood flow in the cerebral artery over a wide range of intracranial pressures through autoregulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A patient-specific fluid–structure interaction model of the cerebrovascular damage in relation to traumatic brain injury

Razaghi

Biglari

Karimi

2020

Trauma

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Background There is a lack of knowledge on the magnitudes of the biomechanical stresses and deformations occurring in the cerebral arterial wall after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Experimental techniques are unable to calculate the stresses and deformations in the cerebral arterial wall after TBI; therefore, the application of numerical simulations, such as finite element modeling, is preferred. Methods This study was aimed to calculate the stresses and deformations as well as the alteration in the pressure and velocity of the blood in the cerebrovascular artery using a fluid–structure interaction model. Results The results revealed considerable increase in the pressure and velocity of the blood which might lead to cerebrovascular damage followed by hemorrhage. The arterial wall showed the highest deformation of 0.047 mm in the X direction which was higher than that in the Y (0.035–0.050 mm) and Z (0.019–0.030 mm) directions. Conclusions These results have implications not only for the understanding of the stresses and deformations in the cerebral artery because of TBI, but also for providing a comprehensive knowledge for biomechanical and medical experts in regard to thresholds of cerebrovascular damage for use in establishing preventive and/or treatment methods.

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Cerebral blood vessel damage in traumatic brain injury

Cited by 45 publications

References 160 publications

Bidirectional Microglia–Neuron Communication in Health and Disease

Bidirectional Microglia–Neuron Communication in Health and Disease

Morphological Analysis of Retinal Microvasculature to Improve Understanding of Retinal Hemorrhage Mechanics in Infants

A patient-specific fluid–structure interaction model of the cerebrovascular damage in relation to traumatic brain injury

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