Cerebral-Cardiac Syndrome and Diabetes: Cardiac Damage After Ischemic Stroke in Diabetic State

Abstract

Cerebral-cardiac syndrome (CCS) refers to cardiac dysfunction following varying brain injuries. Ischemic stroke is strongly evidenced to induce CCS characterizing as arrhythmia, myocardial damage, and heart failure. CCS is attributed to be the second leading cause of death in the post-stroke stage; however, the responsible mechanisms are obscure. Studies indicated the possible mechanisms including insular cortex injury, autonomic imbalance, catecholamine surge, immune response, and systemic inflammation. Of note, the characteristics of the stroke population reveal a common comorbidity with diabetes. The close and causative correlation of diabetes and stroke directs the involvement of diabetes in CCS. Nevertheless, the role of diabetes and its corresponding molecular mechanisms in CCS have not been clarified. Here we conclude the features of CCS and the potential role of diabetes in CCS. Diabetes drives establish a “primed” inflammatory microenvironment and further induces severe systemic inflammation after stroke. The boosted inflammation is suspected to provoke cardiac pathological changes and hence exacerbate CCS. Importantly, as the key element of inflammation, NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is indicated to play an important role in diabetes, stroke, and the sequential CCS. Overall, we characterize the corresponding role of diabetes in CCS and speculate a link of NLRP3 inflammasome between them.

Analysis of Rehabilitation Effect of Neurology Nursing on Stroke Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Its Influence on Quality of Life and Negative Emotion Score

“…Some research statistics show that the number of diabetic patients in the world is as high as 25.6% in 2015 [ 3 ]. DM is easy to cause various complications, and stroke is a common complication of DM [ 4 ]. According to relevant studies, the relative risk of stroke patients with DM is 1.8-6.0, and the combined disability rate and mortality rate are higher [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Significance of Edaravone Combined with Emotion Management Model in Promoting the Recovery Process and Improving Negative Psychology in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Combined with Stroke

“…Currently, T2DM cannot be cured and requires long-term drug control, but prolonged disease is likely to cause multisystem damage, leading to chronic progressive lesions and hypofunction of multiple organs, threatening the life and health of patients [ 3 ]. Cerebral stroke (CS) is a common complication of T2DM, caused by obstruction of blood circulation in the brain; its morbidity and mortality rates are much higher than those of other brain injury diseases, and the disability rate is increasing [ 4 , 5 ]. Therefore, facing patients with T2DM combined with CS requires not only effective pharmacological control but also improving patient self-management, safeguarding patients' recovery process, and promoting a positive mindset are crucial for disease treatment [ 6 ].…”

Therapeutic effects of CD133 + Exosomes on liver function after stroke in type 2 diabetic mice

“…Our prior work, as well as others have demonstrated that stroke in non-DM and T2DM mice induces significant and progressive cardiac dysfunction compared to corresponding control mice ( Yan et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2021 ). T2DM aggravates such cerebral-cardiac syndrome ( Lin et al, 2021 ; Venkat et al, 2021 ). Acute ischemic stroke patients who developed acute kidney injury had higher risk of mortality at 3 months after stroke ( Qureshi et al, 2020 ; Zhao et al, 2020 ).…”