Cerebral distribution of 133-Xe and blood flow measured with high purity germanium.

Abstract

SUMMARY Distribution of cerebral blood flow was measured with an array of 200 ultra-pure germanium radiation detectors and 133-Xe by inhalation. The array "sees" the head as a composite of different subvolumes and enables measurement of the concentration history of tracer every 1-10 sec in each subvolume simultaneously. Subvolume mean flows, (f m ), and partition coefficients, X m , are derived by compartmental analysis of tissue concentration washout curves. Errors from "cross talk," scalp radiation, "look through," and assumed partition coefficients are eliminated. Average f m adjusted for 40 mm Hg P,\co2' n 14 cortical subvolumes (7 right, 7 left) of four normal 21-24 year old controls ranged from SO to 60 ml/100 cc tissue/min, and X m ranged from 0.97 to 1.14. Average f m and >.", in white matter was 24 ml/100 cc/ min and 1.42 -1.14 respectively. During CO 2 inhalation, right and left hemispheric f m increased 6.4% and 5.7%/mm Hg respectively, whereas white matter f m increased 2.2% and 3.4% mm Hg respectively. There was no systematic difference between front and back or dominant vs non-dominant sides. Three 73-84 year old controls had reduced f m and CO 2 reactivity in all subvolumes. >. m was in the same range as in younger controls. Two patients with intracranial cerebrovascular disease showed excellent localization of ischemic subvolumes. One patient with asymptomatic unilateral 98% stenosis of the internal carotid artery had a similar distribution of blood flow in both hemispheres. Stroke Vol 16, No 1, 1985 IN PREVIOUS PUBLICATIONS we described an instrument that enables measurement of the 3-D distribution of the cerebral blood flow in the entire brain simultaneously using gamma photon emitting radioisotopes.'2 The CEREFLO instrument consists of 200 high purity germanium (HPGe) radiation detectors located about the head in precisely determined orientation. The array "sees" the head as a composite structure of anatomic subvolumes and measures the concentration of tracer in each subvolume every 1-10 sec depending upon the count rate. Blood flow in each subvolume is computed from the concentration history (/LtCi/cc tissue) of 133-Xe. Some important attributes of the method are that "cross-talk" is not a source of error, that radiation from the scalp is not a source of error (the scalp is an actual subvolume in which tracer concentration is measured), that "look-through" is eliminated, that knowledge of partition coefficients is unnecessary (though they may be determined if desired), that radiation exposure is low, and that the entire head is studied simultaneously.In this report we present results to demonstrate the capability of the CEREFLO technique to measure the distribution of cerebral blood flow in healthy human subjects and in patients with cerebrovascular disease. The CEREFLO SystemThe heart of the CEREFLO system is the stationary array of 200 HPGe detectors located about the head in precisely determined orientation ( fig. 1) surveys the object within its confine, i.e. the head and brain, as if ...

Cerebral cortical and white matter reactivity to carbon dioxide.

“…The subcortical white matter compartment is more homogeneous, and our f w is in agreement with values reported for the slow-flow compartment. 13 All but two studies that reported no decrease of CBF with aging measured only mean hemispheric or overall mean CBF. 3 blood flow as such were not measured.…”

“…13 The instrument is a stationary array of 200 collimated HPGe detectors located about the head in a precise configuration. The output of each detector is expressed by an equation that relates count rate to the quantity of radioisotope in each subvolume of tissue.…”

“…CBF is calculated from the concentration curves C(t) of each subvolume of interest in threedimensional space 13 as…”

“…Measurements were made in healthy young, middle-aged, and elderly adults with an array of high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors described previously. 13 The instrument makes it possible to quantify the rate of change of the concentration of xenon-133 in several anatomic subvolumes of the brain simultaneously and to compute the blood flow in each sub volume specifically. …”