Cerebral effects of nitrous oxide during isoflurane-induced hypotension in the pig

Tsai, Yu‐Chuan; Lin, Song–Shu; Lee, K.-C.; Chang, C.-L.

doi:10.1093/bja/73.5.667

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The α 2 -agonist xylazine and negative inotrope-vasodilator isoflurane decreased all components of the triphasic waveform, consistent with reduced flow observed by the TTF method (Table 1). 18,42 Dobutamine increased peak systolic velocity in a dose-dependent manner, consistent with its expected effect at the dosages used as a positive inotrope with little effect on vascular resistance, although the effect on diastolic signals was less consistent. 43 Injection of bradykinin abolished early diastolic flow reversal and increased systolic and diastolic forward-flow velocities, effects compatible with marked vasodilation in resistance arterioles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Evaluation of transcutaneous Doppler ultrasonography for the measurement of blood flow in the femoral artery of pigs

Palacio¹,

Fuentes²,

Bonagura³

et al. 2003

ajvr

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Evaluation of transcutaneous Doppler ultrasonography for the measurement of blood flow in the femoral artery of pigs

Palacio¹,

Fuentes²,

Bonagura³

et al. 2003

ajvr

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“…It is reported that isoflurane decreases the cerebral blood flow in a manner depending on the intensity of the accompanying hypoten sion in anesthetized dogs [17][18][19] and pigs [20], Therefore, it is likely that a decrease in brain stem blood flow observed in the present study is a secondary effect due to a fall of sys temic blood pressure. Furthermore, in the presence of either vasodilator, isoflurane de creased the blood flow to the same extent as in its absence.…”

Section: Influence On Brain Stem Blood Flowmentioning

confidence: 69%

Effects of Isoflurane on Brain Stem Blood Flow and Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity during Induced Hypotension

Kiriyama

Haji²,

Masuda³

et al. 1997

Pharmacology

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Effects of isoflurane on arterial blood pressure, regional blood flow in the brain stem, and renal sympathetic nerve activity were compared with those during vasodilator-induced hypotension using decerebrate unanesthetized cats. Either prostaglandin E₁ (PGE₁) or trinitroglycerin (TNG) was used to decrease the mean arterial pressure 30% below the control level. The effects of isoflurane (0.5 MAC for 15 min) were examined in the following three conditions: (1) during PGE₁-induced hypotension; (2) during TNG-induced hypotension, and (3) without either vasodilator. Isoflurane decreased the brain stem blood flow in parallel with a systemic blood pressure fall. Electrical activity of the renal sympathetic nerve consisted of a high-amplitude phasic and a low-amplitude tonic discharge. Isoflurane decreased the phasic activity and increased the tonic activity. Although the two vasodilators had a similar effect on systemic blood pressure and renal sympathetic discharge, TNG decreased the brain stem blood flow to a lesser extent than PGE₁. However, the effects of isoflurane on all parameters were statistically identical in the three conditions not treated and pretreated with either vasodilator. Also, the blood concentrations of isoflurane did not differ among the three conditions. The present study demonstrates that isoflurane produces similar effects on systemic blood pressure, regional cerebral blood flow and sympathetic efferent discharge during vasodilator-induced hypotension and without any vasodilator.

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“… 26 27 28 In theory, nitrous oxide can increase rate of cerebral metabolism, cerebral blood flow, and intracranial pressure. 29 Nitrous oxide also has the potential to give rise to intracranial air volume. 30 31 However, many studies demonstrate that nitrous oxide at 75 vol% and xenon at 50 vol% can reduce cortical brain damages in vivo , and decrease NMDA-evoked Ca 2+ influxes of neuronal cell, which is a process which is considered as a major primary event involved in the excitotoxic neuronal death.…”

Section: E Xperimental S Tudies Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of nitrous oxide in stroke

et al. 2017

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Stroke that is caused by poor blood flow into the brain results in cell death, including ischemia stroke due to lack of blood into brain tissue, and hemorrhage due to bleeding. Both of them will give rise to the dysfunction of brain. In general, the signs and symptoms of stroke are the inability of feeling or moving on one side of body, sometimes loss of vision to one side. Above symptoms will appear soon after the stroke has happened. If the symptoms and signs happen in 1 or 2 hours, we often call them as transient ischemic attack. Moreover, hemorrhagic stroke often leads to severe headache. It is known that neuronal death can happen after stroke, and it depends upon the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) excitatory glutamate receptor which is the goal for a lot of neuroprotective agents. Nitrous oxide was discovered by Joseph Priestley in 1772, and then he and his friends, including the poet Coleridge and Robert Sauce, experimented with the gas. They found this gas could make patients loss the sense of pain and still maintain consciousness after inhalation. Shortly the gas was used as an anesthetic, especially in the field of dentists. Now, accroding to theme of Helene N. David and other scientists, both of nitrous oxide at 75 vol% and xenon at 50 vol% could reduce ischemic neuronal death in the cortex by 70% and decrease NMDA-induced Ca2+ influx by 30%. Therefore, more clinical and experimental studies are important to illuminate the mechanisms of how nitrous oxide protects brain tissue and to explore the best protocol of this gas in stroke treatment.

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Cerebral effects of nitrous oxide during isoflurane-induced hypotension in the pig

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Evaluation of transcutaneous Doppler ultrasonography for the measurement of blood flow in the femoral artery of pigs

Evaluation of transcutaneous Doppler ultrasonography for the measurement of blood flow in the femoral artery of pigs

Effects of Isoflurane on Brain Stem Blood Flow and Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity during Induced Hypotension

The role of nitrous oxide in stroke

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