Cerebral emboli in the genesis of dementia

Purandare, Nitin; Burns, Alistair

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2009.02.306

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In fact, subcortical infarcts play a role in the cognitive impairment present in AD (Schneider et al, 2007); there are white matter lesions in AD brains resembling those observed after ischemia (Brun and Englund, 1986), and ischemia has been shown to induce tauopathy (Wen et al, 2004). Furthermore, cerebral emboli have been detected in patients with AD and associated with cognitive decline (Purandare and Burns, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrinogen and β-Amyloid Association Alters Thrombosis and Fibrinolysis: A Possible Contributing Factor to Alzheimer's Disease

Cortes‐Canteli

Paul

Norris

et al. 2010

Neuron

296

416

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Summary Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which vascular pathology plays an important role. Since the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) is a critical factor in this disease, we examined its relationship to fibrin clot formation in AD. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that fibrin clots formed in the presence of Aβ are structurally abnormal and resistant to degradation. Fibrin(ogen) was observed in blood vessels positive for amyloid in mouse and human AD samples, and intravital brain imaging of clot formation and dissolution revealed abnormal thrombosis and fibrinolysis in AD mice. Moreover, depletion of fibrinogen lessened cerebral amyloid angiopathy pathology and reduced cognitive impairment in AD mice. These experiments suggest that one important contribution of Aβ to AD is via its effects on fibrin clots, implicating fibrin(ogen) as a potential critical factor in this disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrinogen and β-Amyloid Association Alters Thrombosis and Fibrinolysis: A Possible Contributing Factor to Alzheimer's Disease

Cortes‐Canteli

Paul

Norris

et al. 2010

Neuron

296

416

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“…Prevalence of patent foramen ovale in AD and VD cohort was 33% in this study, which is higher than usually reported 20–25% in general population (Hara et al, 2005), but no larger epidemiological studies of prevalence in AD were done. The same author found the association of spontaneous cerebral microembolization with more rapid cognitive decline in dementia (Purandare and Burns, 2009). Details of ultrasound projects focused on spontaneous and paradoxical embolization in AD are listed in Table 4.…”

Section: Transcranial Ultrasound In Admentioning

confidence: 92%

Neurosonological Examination: A Non-Invasive Approach for the Detection of Cerebrovascular Impairment in AD

Urbanová

Tomek

Mikulík

et al. 2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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There has been a growing interest in vascular impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This interest was stimulated by the findings of higher incidence of vascular risk factors in AD. Signs of vascular impairment were investigated notably in the field of imaging methods. Our aim was to explore ultrasonographic studies of extra-and intracranial vessels in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and define implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the disease. The most frequently studied parameters with extracranial ultrasound are intima-media thickness in common carotid artery, carotid atherosclerosis, and total cerebral blood flow. The transcranial ultrasound concentrates mostly on flow velocities, pulsatility indices, cerebrovascular reserve capacity, and cerebral microembolization. Studies suggest that there is morphological and functional impairment of cerebral circulation in AD compared to healthy subjects. Ultrasound as a non-invasive method could be potentially useful in identifying individuals in a higher risk of progression of cognitive decline.

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“…Similarly, a recent Taiwanese population based cohort study showed that clinical diagnosis of AD is associated with considerably increased risk of stroke development (odd ratio of 1.66–1.70; Chi et al, 2013). Moreover, clinical studies indicate that asymptomatic spontaneous cerebral emboli are highly correlated with AD (Purandare and Burns, 2009) and that cerebral microinfarctions occur more likely in AD patients than in healthy controls (Brundel et al, 2012). …”

Section: Vascular Pathology In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of amyloid peptides in vascular dysfunction and platelet dysregulation in Alzheimerâ€™s disease

Canobbio

Abubaker

Visconte

et al. 2015

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative cause of dementia in the elderly. AD is accompanied by the accumulation of amyloid peptides in the brain parenchyma and in the cerebral vessels. The sporadic form of AD accounts for about 95% of all cases. It is characterized by a late onset, typically after the age of 65, with a complex and still poorly understood aetiology. Several observations point towards a central role of cerebrovascular dysfunction in the onset of sporadic AD (SAD). According to the “vascular hypothesis”, AD may be initiated by vascular dysfunctions that precede and promote the neurodegenerative process. In accordance to this, AD patients show increased hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke risks. It is now clear that multiple bidirectional connections exist between AD and cerebrovascular disease, and in this new scenario, the effect of amyloid peptides on vascular cells and blood platelets appear to be central to AD. In this review, we analyze the effect of amyloid peptides on vascular function and platelet activation and its contribution to the cerebrovascular pathology associated with AD and the progression of this disease.

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Cerebral emboli in the genesis of dementia

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Fibrinogen and β-Amyloid Association Alters Thrombosis and Fibrinolysis: A Possible Contributing Factor to Alzheimer's Disease

Fibrinogen and β-Amyloid Association Alters Thrombosis and Fibrinolysis: A Possible Contributing Factor to Alzheimer's Disease

Neurosonological Examination: A Non-Invasive Approach for the Detection of Cerebrovascular Impairment in AD

Role of amyloid peptides in vascular dysfunction and platelet dysregulation in Alzheimerâ€™s disease

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