Cerebral ganglion of Aplysia: Cellular organization and origin of nerves

Jahan‐Parwar, Behrus; Fredman, Steven M.

doi:10.1016/s0300-9629(76)80124-7

Cited by 100 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Injections of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein into the soma revealed CBI-5/6 as a pair of oval neurons ϳ25-40 m in diameter adjacent to each other in the E-cluster (Jahan-Parwar and Fredman, 1979). Each had a single axon projecting into the ipsilateral CBC (Fig.…”

Section: Morphology and Electrophysiological Properties Of Cbi-5/6mentioning

confidence: 95%

Compartmentalization of Information Processing in anAplysiaFeeding Circuit Interneuron through Membrane Properties and Synaptic Interactions

Perrins

Weiss

1998

J. Neurosci.

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We describe a pair of cerebral-to-buccal interneurons, CBI-5/6, which have outputs and inputs in two ganglia. The soma in the cerebral ganglion received synaptic inputs during buccal motor programs (BMPs) and after mechanical stimulation of the lips. During BMPs the soma received antidromic spikes generated in processes in the buccal ganglion. The soma was driven into a plateau potential by each of these inputs, during which it fired orthodromically at 0-5 Hz. The soma had outputs in the cerebral ganglion consisting of electrical coupling to the adjacent CBI-5/6 and to a cerebral-to-pedal neuron (CPN1). The buccal terminals of CBI-5/6 received inputs that generated rhythmic barrages (up to 25 Hz) of antidromic spikes during BMPs. The buccal terminals had chemical and electrical outputs to motor and premotor elements of feeding circuitry. This combination of synaptic interactions and endogenous properties mean that CBI-5/6 can process information in a number of ways. During the barrage of antidromic spikes, high-frequency firing will produce strong inputs to buccal followers and on their arrival at the soma will transfer excitation electrotonically to CPN1. Subthreshold input to the soma will be transferred electrotonically to cerebral followers but will not be relayed to postsynaptic buccal neurons. Plateau potentials after the antidromic spikes or local cerebral inputs will locally excite CPN1 via electrical coupling but will have little influence on buccal events because of the low orthodromic firing rate. Thus, CBI-5/6 may transmit information locally within the cerebral ganglion or more extensively in both buccal and cerebral ganglia simultaneously. Key words: plateau potential; feeding; mollusk; motor program; central pattern generator; AplysiaThe traditional view of information flow through a neuron comprises input to the soma and dendrites summating to produce all-or-none action potentials that then travel down the axon and result in output through transmitter release at distal terminals. Recently, however, it has become apparent that in several systems the processing of information by neurons is not necessarily strictly limited to a single "input-output" pathway. Distinct anatomical parts of a neuron may differentially integrate and relay information using different mechanisms. Such compartmentalization is important in neuronal circuits because it theoretically allows information flow in different parts of a neuron to be dissociated under some conditions but enables the neuron to act as a single unit under other conditions. In both the stomatogastric nervous system (Hartline and Graubard, 1992) and Apl ysia neurons B31/32 (Hurwitz et al., 1994) there are examples of neurons that use conventional action potentials to perform peripheral motoneuronal f unctions while simultaneously performing central interneuronal f unctions through plateau potentials generated in the ganglia. In these neurons the effects of plateau potential and the generation of conventional spikes are not completely independent, because ...

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Section: Morphology and Electrophysiological Properties Of Cbi-5/6mentioning

confidence: 95%

Compartmentalization of Information Processing in anAplysiaFeeding Circuit Interneuron through Membrane Properties and Synaptic Interactions

Perrins

Weiss

1998

J. Neurosci.

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“…All experiments were performed at room temperature (20-23 0C) on the A cells (Jahan-Parwar & Fredman, 1976) of the cerebral ganglion of the mollusc Aplysia californica. These neuronal clusters are symmetrically located on the dorsal surface, at the level of attachment of the cerebral pleural connectives (Weinreich, McCaman, McCaman & Vaughan, 1973).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between three slow potassium responses controlled by three distinct receptors in Aplysia neurones

Ascher

Chesnoy-Marchais

1982

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. A voltage clamp study was made of the K+ permeability increases produced in certain identifiable neurones of the cerebral ganglion of Aplysia by any one of three distinct agonists (carbachol, histamine and dopamine).2. The three K+ responses involve three distinct receptors, as shown by the selective effects of reversible antagonists (Gruol & Weinreich, 1979a) as well as by the differential, irreversible effects of trimethyloxonium (TMO) ions.3. Prolonged exposure of the neurones to one of the agonists reduces the response to the same agonist (desensitization) and, over the low concentration range, doubling the concentration of an agonist leads to supra-linear summation (potentiation).4. Prolonged exposure of the neurones to one of the agonists also reduces the response to the other agonists (cross-desensitization) and combined application of two agonists reveals cross-potentiation.5. The time course of desensitization (onset and decay) was the same for the histamine and carbachol responses and, except at very high concentration, was indistinguishable from that of cross-desensitization. Likewise, potentiation was similar in the two agonist systems and did not differ significantly from cross-potentiation.6. The results can be interpreted by assuming that the responses to the three agonists involve specific steps followed by common reaction steps, and that some of the common reaction steps control both potentiation and desensitization.7. The responses to carbachol and histamine differ in their voltage sensitivity. This suggests that one or more of the specific steps are voltage-sensitive.8. Although an increase of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration can itself open K+ channels, and also inhibit the responses to the three agonists, an increase of internal Ca2+ does not appear to play an important role either in the development of the response or in the desensitization process.

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“…These cell bodies were smaller (ranging from 20 mm to 50 mm in diameter) than the buccal OA li neurons. The cerebral OA li somata (approximately six in each hemiganglion) were distributed in a symmetrical fashion on the ventral surface of the lateral region of the ganglion [E cluster of Jahan-Parwar and Fredman (Jahan-Parwar and Fredman, 1976) located slightly anterior to the origin of each cerebral-pedal connective (arrows, Fig. 1Bii,Biii).…”

Section: Localization Of Oa LImentioning

confidence: 99%

Octopamine promotes rhythmicity but not synchrony in a bilateral pair of bursting motor neurons in the feeding circuit of Aplysia

Martinez-Rubio

Serrano

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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) modulatory actions on the spontaneous burst activity of the bilaterally paired B67 pharyngeal motor neurons (MNs). OA increased B67's burst duration and the number of impulses per burst. These effects reflected actions of OA on the intrinsic tetrodotoxin-resistant driver potential (DP) that underlies B67 bursting. In addition to its effects on B67's burst parameters, OA also increased the rate and regularity of burst timing. Although the bilaterally paired B67 MNs both exhibited rhythmic bursting in the presence of OA, they did not become synchronized. In this respect, the response to OA differed from that of dopamine, another modulator of the feeding motor network, which produces both rhythmicity and synchrony of bursting in the paired B67 neurons. It is proposed that modulators can regulate burst synchrony of MNs by exerting a dual control over their intrinsic rhythmicity and their reciprocal capacity to generate membrane potential perturbations. In this simple system, dopaminergic and octopaminergic modulation could influence whether pharyngeal contractions occur in a bilaterally synchronous or asynchronous fashion.

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Cerebral ganglion of Aplysia: Cellular organization and origin of nerves

Cited by 100 publications

References 20 publications

Compartmentalization of Information Processing in anAplysiaFeeding Circuit Interneuron through Membrane Properties and Synaptic Interactions

Compartmentalization of Information Processing in anAplysiaFeeding Circuit Interneuron through Membrane Properties and Synaptic Interactions

Interactions between three slow potassium responses controlled by three distinct receptors in Aplysia neurones

Octopamine promotes rhythmicity but not synchrony in a bilateral pair of bursting motor neurons in the feeding circuit of Aplysia

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