Cerebral gray and white matter reductions and clinical correlates in patients with early onset schizophrenia

Paillère-Martinot, M.L.; Caclin, Anne; Artiges, Éric; Poline, J.-B.; Joliot, Marc; Mallet, Luc; Recasens, Christophe; Attar-Levy, D.; Martinot, Jean‐Luc

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(00)00137-7

Cited by 173 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Studies by Foong et al (DTI whole brain) and Minami et al (DTI-ROI based) did not detect any DTI related changes with symptom scores. Other studies using both structural and DTI whole brain measures have shown close relationships between overall PANSS scores and white matter anomalies/disruptions (Mitelman et al, 2006;Paillere-Martinot et al, 2001). Correlation results from this study on the other hand have demonstrated a negative relationship between the FA values of rather specific white matter tracts and positive symptom scores.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Thus, in order to address possible heterogeneity in the underlying pathophysiology, recent studies have examined correlations between different aspects of the disease and DTI data, through examination of specific symptoms and symptom groups (Shin et al, 2006;Hubl et al, 2004;Wolkin et al, 2003,), or via performance on tests of cognitive ability (Lim et al, 2006;Nestor et al, 2004). Recent studies have also looked at the relationship between structural data (including DTI) and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scales (PANSS) scores (Mitelman et al, 2006;Okugawa et al, 2006;Shin et al, 2006;Minami et al, 2003;Foong et al, 2000;Paillere-Martinot et al, 2001). Shin et al reported that a small area of white matter near the right insula showed a positive correlation between the PANSS negative symptoms and ADC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diffusion tensor imaging in schizophrenia: Relationship to symptoms

Skelly

Calhoun

Meda

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

117

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In this diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study, the authors investigated white matter integrity in schizophrenia and the relationships between white matter alterations and specific symptoms of the disorder. We compared DTI images of 25 schizophrenia patients and 25 matched healthy controls and performed voxel-wise correlational analyses using the patient's DTI data and their severity scores of positive and negative symptoms. We found diffuse deficits in multiple types of white matter tracts in schizophrenia, and an inverse relationship of DTI fractional anisotropy (FA) values with positive symptom scores in association fibers, supporting a "disconnection" hypothesis of positive symptoms in schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion tensor imaging in schizophrenia: Relationship to symptoms

Skelly

Calhoun

Meda

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

117

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“…Imaging studies suggest that the medial frontal gyrus (Stevens et al 1998 ;Paillere-Martinot et al 2001) and the medial prefrontal cortex (Ananth et al 2002) are affected early in psychosis. Suzuki et al (2005) found the SMA to be reduced in subjects with recentonset schizophrenia whereas Exner et al (2006) showed that reduced volume of the SMA in FEP subjects was related to impaired implicit learning.…”

Section: Group Differences In Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of visuospatial working memory in the ‘at-risk mental state’

et al. 2010

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Background. Impaired spatial working memory (SWM) is a robust feature of schizophrenia and has been linked to the risk of developing psychosis in people with an at-risk mental state (ARMS). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural substrate of SWM in the ARMS and in patients who had just developed schizophrenia.Method. fMRI was used to study 17 patients with an ARMS, 10 patients with a first episode of psychosis and 15 agematched healthy comparison subjects. The blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response was measured while subjects performed an object-location paired-associate memory task, with experimental manipulation of mnemonic load.Results. In all groups, increasing mnemonic load was associated with activation in the medial frontal and medial posterior parietal cortex. Significant between-group differences in activation were evident in a cluster spanning the medial frontal cortex and right precuneus, with the ARMS groups showing less activation than controls but greater activation than first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. These group differences were more evident at the most demanding levels of the task than at the easy level. In all groups, task performance improved with repetition of the conditions. However, there was a significant group difference in the response of the right precuneus across repeated trials, with an attenuation of activation in controls but increased activation in FEP and little change in the ARMS. Conclusions.Abnormal neural activity in the medial frontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex during an SWM task may be a neural correlate of increased vulnerability to psychosis.

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“…Moreover, in one of the few studies reporting white matter volume reduction in schizophrenia, Breier and coworkers (Breier et al, 1992) noted a correlation between prefrontal white matter reduction and amygdala-hippocampal complex volume reduction, thus highlighting the potential importance of frontal-temporal interactions in schizophrenia. More recently, two studies using voxel-based analyses have shown white matter abnormalities in both temporal and frontal lobe regions (Sigmudsson et al, 2001), and bilaterally in the frontal lobe (Paillere-Martinot et al, 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in schizophrenia

Kubicki

McCarley

Westin

et al. 2007

Journal of Psychiatric Research

691

532

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Both post-mortem and neuroimaging studies have contributed significantly to what we know about the brain and schizophrenia. MRI studies of volumetric reduction in several brain regions in schizophrenia have confirmed early speculations that the brain is disordered in schizophrenia. There is also a growing body of evidence suggesting that a disturbance in connectivity between different brain regions, rather than abnormalities within the separate regions themselves, are responsible for the clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions observed in this disorder. Thus an interest in white matter fiber tracts, subserving anatomical connections between distant, as well as proximal, brain regions, is emerging. This interest coincides with the recent advent of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which makes it possible to evaluate the organization and coherence of white matter fiber tracts. This is an important advance as conventional MRI techniques are insensitive to fiber tract direction and organization, and have not consistently demonstrated white matter abnormalities. DTI may, therefore, provide important new information about neural circuitry, and it is increasingly being used in neuroimaging studies of psychopathological disorders. Of note, in the past five years 18 DTI studies in schizophrenia have been published, most describing white matter abnormalities. Questions still remain, however, regarding what we are measuring that is abnormal in this disease, and how measures obtained using one method correspond to those obtained using other methods? Below we review the basic principles involved in MR-DTI, followed by a review of the different methods used to evaluate diffusion. Finally, we review MR-DTI findings in schizophrenia.

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Cerebral gray and white matter reductions and clinical correlates in patients with early onset schizophrenia

Cited by 173 publications

References 26 publications

Diffusion tensor imaging in schizophrenia: Relationship to symptoms

Diffusion tensor imaging in schizophrenia: Relationship to symptoms

Neural correlates of visuospatial working memory in the ‘at-risk mental state’

A review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in schizophrenia

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