Cerebral Hemodynamic and Neurotrophic Factor Responses Are Dependent on the Type of Exercise

Weaver, Samuel R.; Skinner, Bethany D.; Furlong, Rhodri; Lucas, Rebekah A. I.; Cable, N. Timothy; Rendeiro, Catarina; McGettrick, Helen M.; Lucas, Samuel J. E.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.609935

Cited by 16 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(114 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Recently, a notable study compared cerebral hemodynamics and circulating neurotrophic factor responses to three different types of exercise regimens in healthy adults. They found an interesting phenomenon, compared with the traditional continuous exercise (65% VO2peak, lasting 30 min) and HIIT (85% HRmax, 4 × 4 min), and ultra-high-intensity intermittent exercise with 200% maximum aerobic capacity (4 × 30 s) could maximize the increase of VEGF and BDNF ( Weaver et al, 2020 ). More importantly, the lactate produced by this training paradigm showed the most significant increase, suggesting the potential connection of lactate with these factors.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study reported that compared with resting control, subjects after acute sprint interval exercise have significantly higher levels of peripheral blood lactate and are associated with higher levels of BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF, which is also related to better performance in cognitive function tests ( Kujach et al, 2019 ). A recent study also highlighted the potential link between lactate and neuroplasticity ( Weaver et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Lactate as Potential Mediators for Exercise-Induced Positive Effects on Neuroplasticity and Cerebrovascular Plasticity

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The accumulated evidence from animal and human studies supports that exercise is beneficial to physical health. Exercise can upregulate various neurotrophic factors, activate neuroplasticity, and play a positive role in improving and enhancing cerebrovascular function. Due to its economy, convenience, and ability to prevent or ameliorate various aging-related diseases, exercise, a healthy lifestyle, is increasingly popularized by people. However, the mechanism by which exercise performs this function and how it is transmitted from muscles to the brain remains incompletely understood. Here, we review the beneficial effects of exercise with different intensities on the brain with a focus on the positive effects of lactate on neuroplasticity and cerebrovascular plasticity. Based on these recent studies, we propose that lactate, a waste previously misunderstood as a by-product of glycolysis in the past, may be a key signal molecule that regulates the beneficial adaptation of the brain caused by exercise. Importantly, we speculate that a central protective mechanism may underlie the cognitive benefits induced by exercise.

show abstract

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactate as Potential Mediators for Exercise-Induced Positive Effects on Neuroplasticity and Cerebrovascular Plasticity

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous studies measuring MCAv during HIIE have also reported this “rebounding” effect. (11, 12, 34) MCAv “rebounding” during light intensity intervals could be partially explained by P ET CO 2 as they were moderately correlated. MCAv also closely followed the pattern of P ET CO 2, with both measures decreasing during high intensity (hyperventilation) and increasing during recovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Our results are supported by previous research performing short sprint interval training in healthy adults that also found no reduction in MCAv below BL resting MCAv. (12) However, the prior study performed 30-second sprint intervals at 200% watt maximum with longer 4.5-minute recovery intervals. Therefore, our study contributes to the existing literature showing no reduction in MCAv below BL during an acute 10-minute bout of short interval HIIE with alternating 1-minute high intensity and low intensity intervals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cerebrovascular Response to an Acute Bout of Short Interval High Intensity Interval Exercise and Recovery in Healthy Adults

Aaron

Kaufman

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: High intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is performed widely. However, the field possesses limited knowledge regarding the acute HIIE cerebrovascular response. Our objective was to characterize the middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) response during an acute bout of short interval HIIE in healthy adults. We hypothesized MCAv would decrease below BL 1) during HIIE, 2) following HIIE, 3) and 30-minutes after HIIE. As a secondary objective, we investigated sex differences in the MCAv response during HIIE. Methods: Fourteen healthy adults (7 male) completed the HIIE session. The 10-minute HIIE session included alternating 1-minute bouts of high-intensity and low-intensity intervals. MCAv, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and expired end tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2), were recorded at BL, during HIIE, following HIIE, and 30-minutes after HIIE. Results: Contrary to our hypothesis, MCAv remained above BL for the HIIE duration. MCAv peaked at the third minute then decreased concomitantly with PETCO2. MCAv was lower than BL after HIIE (p=0.03). Thirty minutes after HIIE, MCAv returned to near BL values (p = 0.47). Women showed higher BL MCAv (x = 70.9 ± 8.1 cm/s) compared to men (x = 59.3 ± 5.8 cm/s, p = 0.01). A greater magnitude of MCAv response was observed in men resulting in non-significant differences during HIIE secondary to higher workload (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Collectively, these findings show that in healthy adults, MCAv remained above BL during a 10-minute short-interval HIIE and returned to resting values 30 minutes after exercise.

show abstract

Non-pharmacological interventions for vascular health and the role of the endothelium

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The most common non-pharmacological intervention for both peripheral and cerebral vascular health is regular physical activity (e.g., exercise training), which improves function across a range of exercise intensities and modalities. Numerous non-exercising approaches have also been suggested to improved vascular function, including repeated ischemic preconditioning (IPC); heat therapy such as hot water bathing and sauna; and pneumatic compression. Chronic adaptive responses have been observed across a number of these approaches, yet the precise mechanisms that underlie these effects in humans are not fully understood. Acute increases in blood flow and circulating signalling factors that induce responses in endothelial function are likely to be key moderators driving these adaptations. While the impact on circulating factors and environmental mechanisms for adaptation may vary between approaches, in essence, they all centre around acutely elevating blood flow throughout the circulation and stimulating improved endothelium-dependent vascular function and ultimately vascular health. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanisms driving endothelial adaptation to repeated exposure to elevated blood flow, and the interplay between this response and changes in circulating factors. In addition, we will consider the limitations in our current knowledge base and how these may be best addressed through the selection of more physiologically relevant experimental models and research. Ultimately, improving our understanding of the unique impact that non-pharmacological interventions have on the vasculature will allow us to develop superior strategies to tackle declining vascular function across the lifespan, prevent avoidable vascular-related disease, and alleviate dependency on drug-based interventions.

show abstract

Cerebral Hemodynamic and Neurotrophic Factor Responses Are Dependent on the Type of Exercise

Cited by 16 publications

References 85 publications

Lactate as Potential Mediators for Exercise-Induced Positive Effects on Neuroplasticity and Cerebrovascular Plasticity

Lactate as Potential Mediators for Exercise-Induced Positive Effects on Neuroplasticity and Cerebrovascular Plasticity

Cerebrovascular Response to an Acute Bout of Short Interval High Intensity Interval Exercise and Recovery in Healthy Adults

Non-pharmacological interventions for vascular health and the role of the endothelium

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About