Cerebral infarction after cardiac surgery

Abstract

Cerebral infarction, a common central nervous system complication after adult cardiac surgery, is one of the main factors leading to the poor prognosis of cardiac surgery patients besides cardiac insufficiency.However, there is currently no effective treatment for cerebral infarction. Therefore, early prevention and diagnosis of postoperative cerebral infarction are particularly important. There are many factors and mechanisms during and after cardiac surgery that play an important role in the occurrence of postoperative cerebral infarction, such as intraoperative embolism, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, atrial fibrillation, temperature regulation, blood pressure control, use of postoperative blood products, and so forth. The mechanism by which most risk factors act on the human body, leading to postoperative cerebral infarction, is not well understood, and further research is needed.Therefore, this paper aims to summarize and explain the relevant risk factors, mechanisms, clinical signs, imaging characteristics, and early diagnosis methods of cerebral infarction complications after cardiac surgery, and provides useful data for the establishment of related diagnosis and treatment standards.

Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography detection on cerebrovascular flow for evaluating neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy modeling

“…Hence, we also evaluated the morphological changes of HI rats by TTC staining and Nissl staining, demonstrating that large brain areas were damaged and infarcted including striatum, hypothalamus, frontal lobe, olfactory bulb, and dorsal part of the cerebral cortex, etc. Infarct in these different brain regions brings about specific functional barriers in neurodevelopmental functions such as memory, learning, language, sensory, motor, or coordination (Wei et al, 2022), etc.…”

Correlation of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Including Diffusion-Weighted Imaging With Neurocognitive Outcome in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (Cabg) Patients

“…The etiology of cognitive deficits after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery has multifactorial etiology including pre-existing risk factors such as old age, cerebral, cardiac and vascular diseases, alcohol abuse, and low educational level but the most likely etiology involves cerebral microcirculation and macrocirculation [1,2]. Three major mechanisms are thought to contribute to cerebral injury: Macroembolization of air, particulate material derived from aortic atheroma, valve debris, or the left ventricular thrombus; microembolization of gas, fat aggregates of blood cells, platelets, and fibrin, or particles of silicone or polyvinylchloride tubing; and reduction of cerebral perfusion, which may result from reduced flow, low arterial pressure, loss of the pulsatile component of flow, or incorrect placement of the aortic cannula [3][4][5][6].…”