Cerebral organization of component processes in reading

Kr, Pugh; Ba, Shaywitz; Se, Shaywitz; Rt, Constable; Skudlarski, Pawel; Rk, Fulbright; Ra, Bronen; Dp, Shankweiler; Katz, Leonard; Jm, Fletcher; Jc, Gore

doi:10.1093/brain/119.4.1221

Cited by 564 publications

(444 citation statements)

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“…These activation patterns are consistent with a number of previous investigations in healthy young subjects comparing words to nonwords or to nonverbal stimuli (e.g., tones or letter strings) [Davis et al, 2004;Fiebach et al, 2002;Price et al, 2003]. Moreover, these areas are also activated during judgment tasks that specifically target semantic processing for verbal or nonverbal stimuli [Binder et al, 1997;Demonet et al, 1994;Pugh et al, 1996;Simos et al, 2002]. In summary, increased cerebral activity in the angular gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, posterior middle temporal gyrus, and inferior prefrontal gyrus is consistent with the activation of semantic representations, regardless of stimulus modality.…”

Section: Cortical Activation For Lexicosemantic Representations In Adsupporting

confidence: 90%

Neural substrates of phonological and lexicosemantic representations in Alzheimer's disease

Peters

Majerus

Collette

et al. 2007

Human Brain Mapping

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Abstract:The language profile of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized not only by lexicosemantic impairments but also by phonological deficits, as shown by an increasing number of neuropsychological studies. This study explored the functional neural correlates underlying phonological and lexicosemantic processing in AD. Using H 215 O PET functional brain imaging, a group of mild to moderate AD patients and a group of age-matched controls were asked to repeat four types of verbal stimuli: words, wordlike nonwords (WL1), non-wordlike nonwords (WL2) and simple vowels. The comparison between the different conditions allowed us to determine brain activation preferentially associated with lexicosemantic or phonological levels of language representations. When repeating words, AD patients showed decreased activity in the left temporo-parietal and inferior frontal regions relative to controls, consistent with distorted lexicosemantic representations. Brain activity was abnormally increased in the right superior temporal area during word repetition, a region more commonly associated with perceptual-phonological processing. During repetition of WL1 and WL2 nonwords, AD patients showed decreased activity in the middle part of the superior temporal gyrus, presumably associated with sublexical phonological information; at the same time, AD patients showed larger activation than controls in the inferior temporal gyrus, typically associated with lexicosemantic levels of representation. Overall, the results suggest that AD patients use altered pathways to process phonological and lexicosemantic information, possibly related to a progressive loss of specialization of phonological and lexicosemantic neural networks. Hum Brain Mapp 30: [185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199] 2009. V V C 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Cortical Activation For Lexicosemantic Representations In Adsupporting

confidence: 90%

Neural substrates of phonological and lexicosemantic representations in Alzheimer's disease

Peters

Majerus

Collette

et al. 2007

Human Brain Mapping

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“…Similarly, we propose that the lack of connectivity between the VWFA and the left inferior frontal gyrus may be linked to their inability to successfully engage this region during phonological processing of written words (e.g. (Poldrack et al, 1999;Price, 2000;Pugh et al, 1996). This link between connectivity and reading performance is consistent with the finding that connectivity may increase after effective treatment, as shown by Richards et al (2008).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 82%

The left occipitotemporal system in reading: Disruption of focal fMRI connectivity to left inferior frontal and inferior parietal language areas in children with dyslexia

et al. 2011

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The left occipitotemporal system in reading: Disruption of focal fMRI connectivity to left inferior frontal and inferior parietal language areas in children with dyslexia van der Mark, S; Klaver, P; Bucher, K; Maurer, U; Schulz, E; Brem, S; Martin, E; Brandeis, D van der Mark, S; Klaver, P; Bucher, K; Maurer, U; Schulz, E; Brem, S; Martin, E; Brandeis, D (2011). The left occipitotemporal system in reading: Disruption of focal fMRI connectivity to left inferior frontal and inferior parietal language areas in children with dyslexia. The left occipitotemporal system in reading: Disruption of focal fMRI connectivity to left inferior frontal and inferior parietal language areas in children with dyslexia Abstract Developmental dyslexia is a severe reading disorder, which is characterized by dysfluent reading and impaired automaticity of visual word processing. Adults with dyslexia show functional deficits in several brain regions including the so-called "Visual Word Form Area" (VWFA), which is implicated in visual word processing and located within the larger left occipitotemporal VWF-System. The present study examines functional connections of the left occipitotemporal VWF-System with other major language areas in children with dyslexia. Functional connectivity MRI was used to assess connectivity of the VWF-System in 18 children with dyslexia and 24 age matched controls (age 9.7-12.5 years) using five neighbouring left occipitotemporal regions of interest (ROIs) during a continuous reading task requiring phonological and orthographic processing. First, the results revealed a focal origin of connectivity from the VWF-System, in that mainly the VWFA was functionally connected with typical left frontal and parietal language areas in control children. Adjacent posterior and anterior VWF-System ROIs did not show such connectivity, confirming the special role that the VWFA plays in word processing. Second, we detected a significant disruption of functional connectivity between the VWFA and left inferior frontal and left inferior parietal language areas in the children with dyslexia. The current findings add to our understanding of dyslexia by showing that functional disconnection of the left occipitotemporal system is limited to the small VWFA region crucial for automatic visual word processing, and emerges early during reading acquisition in children with dyslexia, along with deficits in orthographic and phonological processing of visual word forms. ÔØ Å ÒÙ× Ö ÔØThe left occipitotemporal system in reading: Disruption of focal fMRI connectivity to left inferior frontal and inferior parietal language areas in children with dyslexia This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the cont...

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“…Neuroimaging studies have observed pLIPC activation during tasks requiring analysis of phonological representations [32,34,55], such as rhyme and syllable judgments. Moreover, activation in pLIPC has been reported during tasks involving visually presented nonwords [35], with initial evidence suggesting that greater pLIPC activation is observed during phonological processing of novel (e.g. pseudo-English) relative to familiar (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembling and encoding word representations: fMRI subsequent memory effects implicate a role for phonological control

2003

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Novel word learning is central to the flexibility inherent in the human language capacity. Word learning may partially depend on long-term memory formation during the assembly of phonological representations from orthographic inputs. In the present study, event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examined the contributions of phonological control-a component of the verbal working memory system-to phonological assembly and word learning. Subjects were scanned while making syllable decisions about visually presented familiar (English) and novel (pseudo-English and Foreign) words, a task that required retrieval and analysis of existing phonological codes or the assembly and analysis of novel representations. Results revealed that left inferior prefrontal cortex (LIPC) and bilateral parietal cortices were differentially engaged during the processing of novel words, suggesting that this circuit is recruited during phonological assembly. A subsequent memory analysis that examined the relation between fMRI signal and the subject's ability to later remember the words (a measure of effective memory formation) revealed that the magnitude of activation in LIPC, bilateral superior parietal, and left inferior parietal cortices was positively correlated with later memory. Moreover, although the magnitude of the subsequent memory effect in parietal cortex was not significantly affected by word type, this effect was greater in posterior LIPC for novel (pseudo-English) than for familiar (English) words. In the course of subserving the assembly of novel word representations, the phonological (articulatory) control component of the phonological system appears to play a central role in the encoding of novel words into long-term memory.

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Cerebral organization of component processes in reading

Cited by 564 publications

References 0 publications

Neural substrates of phonological and lexicosemantic representations in Alzheimer's disease

Neural substrates of phonological and lexicosemantic representations in Alzheimer's disease

The left occipitotemporal system in reading: Disruption of focal fMRI connectivity to left inferior frontal and inferior parietal language areas in children with dyslexia

Assembling and encoding word representations: fMRI subsequent memory effects implicate a role for phonological control

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