Cerebral Venous Infarction: The Pathophysiological Concept

Schaller, Bernhard; Graf, Rudolf

doi:10.1159/000079939

Cited by 156 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Human and animal studies examining cerebral venous occlusion have shown that an elevated venous pressure results in a dilatation of upstream venule beds [13,14]. Furthermore, retinal venule dilatation is often associated with ocular venous drainage impairment in certain conditions, such as central retinal vein occlusion or during increased intracranial pressure [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jugular Venous Reflux Affects Ocular Venous System in Transient Monocular Blindness

Chung

Hsu²,

Chao

et al. 2009

Cerebrovasc Dis

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Background: The frequency of jugular venous reflux (JVR) is higher in patients with transient monocular blindness (TMB). We hypothesize that JVR influences ocular venous outflow, and resulting disturbances in cerebral and ocular venous circulation might be a cause of TMB. To substantiate this hypothesis, we aimed to demonstrate that: (1) TMB patients have vasculature changes in their retinal venules, and (2) JVR could influence ocular venous outflow, as revealed by dilated retinal venules. Methods: This study has 2 parts. The case-control study included 31 TMB patients and 31 age/gender-matched normal individuals, who all received fundus photography for retinal venule diameter comparisons. The Valsalva maneuver (VM) experiment included 30 healthy volunteers who received both color Doppler imaging of the internal jugular vein and fundus photography for retinal venule diameter measurement. Results: In the case-control study, TMB patients had a wider retinal venule diameter (184.5 ± 17.5 vs. 174.3 ± 16.2 µm, right eye, p = 0.023; 194.20 ± 24.6 vs. 176.6 ± 19.5 µm, left eye, p = 0.017), especially TMB patients with JVR. The VM experiments showed that the presence of JVR was associated with a greater increase in retinal venule diameters during VM in the subjects’ right eye (14.27 ± 11.16 vs. 2.75 ± 3.51%, JVR vs. non-JVR, p = 0.0002) and left eye (10.06 ± 6.42 vs. 1.80 ± 2.03%, p = 0.0003). Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that frequently occurring JVR associated with TMB impedes ocular venous outflow, and the subsequent disturbances in ocular venous circulation may be a cause of TMB.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jugular Venous Reflux Affects Ocular Venous System in Transient Monocular Blindness

Chung

Hsu²,

Chao

et al. 2009

Cerebrovasc Dis

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“…Besides all these the clinical picture will usually be associated with the underlying disorder/s which contributed to the prothrombotic state. 8,9 Although modern neuroimaging tools specially MRV has enhanced the early detection of VST. 10 The clinical scenario of the present case initially seems to be a presentation of pre-eclampsia due to high blood pressure with headache and diplopia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case report: venous sinus thrombosis in pregnancy

Singh¹,

Nanda²

2017

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Venous sinus thrombosis (VST) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all unexplained central nervous system disorders of sudden onset. Etiological factors are subclinical forms of several common thrombophilic states occurring together, rather than the typical inherited and rare causes. Diagnosis is often missed because of the heterogeneity in clinical presentation and radiological investigation is essential for the diagnosis. Prognosis depends on the early detection. By correcting the cause, the complications can be prevented.

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“…10 In present study also 40% in Group 1 and 24.05% patients in Group 2 had moderate hyperhomocysteinemia which supports the findings of Bhaskar et al 10 Homocysteine possess both prothrombotic and atherogenic properties. 11 Higher level of homocysteine elevates oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species. 12 Hyperhomocysteinemia being the risk factor of IS can be an important tool to screen patients with IS who demonstrate no clue for the presence of IS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of clinical profile and risk factors in Ischemic stroke with special reference to serum homocysteine and lipid profile: a cross sectional observation study

Mishra¹,

Ishwar²,

Pandey³

et al. 2016

Int J Adv Med

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Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the major reasons of disability and death throughout the world. Every year, around 4.4 million people die because of IS all around the world. The objective was to study clinical profile and risk factors in patients with IS and to find out the association of ischemic stroke with serum lipid and serum homocysteine level. Methods: A cross sectional observation study was performed on 64 IS patients after dividing in to group 1 (n=10, age <40 years) and group 2 (n = 54, age >40 years) from December 2008 to November 2010. A detailed history, risk factors along with quantitative estimation of serum homocysteine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein was performed. Results: The most common premonitory symptoms were headache (70% versus 31.48%), giddiness/vertigo (10% versus 24.07%) and tingling/numbness (40% versus 16.66%) in group 1 and group 2 respectively. Most of the patients were having stage 1 hypertension in Group 1 (50%) whereas in group 2 (53.65%) most of the patients were stage 2 hypertensive. The most common risk factors for IS were hypertensive (60% versus 90.65%) followed by diabetes mellitus (0% versus 62.9%) and transient ischemic attack (0% versus 42.55%) in group 1 and group 2 respectively. Most of the patients in were having moderate hyperhomocysteinemia in Group 1 (40%) and group 2 (24.05%) and only 10% and 11.10% of the patients were having mild hyperhomocysteinemia. In group 1 and Group 2, raised cholesterol, raised triglyceride, raised LDL and low HDL was recorded in 30% versus 42.55%, 30% versus 31.48%, 40% versus 68.45% and 60% versus 27.75% of patients respectively. Conclusions: High level of homocysteine and abnormal lipid profile mainly increased LDL and decreased HDL -C level is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke.

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Cerebral Venous Infarction: The Pathophysiological Concept

Cited by 156 publications

References 81 publications

Jugular Venous Reflux Affects Ocular Venous System in Transient Monocular Blindness

Jugular Venous Reflux Affects Ocular Venous System in Transient Monocular Blindness

A case report: venous sinus thrombosis in pregnancy

A study of clinical profile and risk factors in Ischemic stroke with special reference to serum homocysteine and lipid profile: a cross sectional observation study

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