Cerebral venous thrombosis and dual primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus.

Abstract

Cerebral venous thrombosis and dual primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus Sir: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is rarely associated with well-documented viral infections'2 and has not been described in association with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV,) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, to our knowledge. We report a case of CVT occurring during primary infection with both HIV, and CMV;

Antiphospholipid syndrome associated with infections: clinical and microbiological characteristics

“…There are many reports of thrombosis occurring in patients with HIV/AIDS and these include peripheral vein (Becker et al, 1992;Tanimowo, 1996), pulmonary embolism (Becker et al, 1992), retinal vein (Roberts and Haefs, 1992;Mansour et al, 1996;Park et al, 1997;Friedman and Margo, 1995), cerebral vein (Meyohas et al, 1998), portal vein (Carr et al, 1997) and mesenteric (Narayanan et al, 1998;Wang et al, 2000) occlusions. Both arterial and venous thromboembolic disease has been reported in one patient (Bosson et al, 1995).…”

“…Certainly, thrombotic and other manifestations are much more frequently encountered than with other viral infections, again pointing to a major immunological disturbance in HIV as opposed to other viral conditions. However, dual infection with HIV and CMV has been reported as being associated with APS in a number of patients (Meyohas et al, 1998;Smith et al, 1995;Bagley et al, 1986;Jenkins et al, 1991).…”

“…Opportunistic infections with CMV in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been reported in several cases associated with thrombosis (Meyohas et al, 1998). CMV has been demonstrated locally within affected tissues (digital infarcts) as well as in blood (Smith et al, 1995).…”

Infections and the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

“…Another report found that IgG and IgM isotypes of aCL were detected in CMV infections, with a high prevalence (56%) of aPL being reported in patients with CMV infection, although no association was found between these antibodies and the clinical expression of autoimmunity [36]. Meyohas et al reported [43] that dual viral infection with CMV and HIV resulted in thrombotic manifestations of APS, including digital infarcts [41][42][43].…”

From presentation to follow-up: diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis

“…49 Other frequently seen causes include Factor V Leiden, 1 protein C, 28 or protein S 39 deficiencies; antiphospholipid syndrome; 45 vasculitis; 26 or infections. 38 It has been suggested that pseudotumor cerebri is due to undiagnosed CVT, and one study has suggested that MR venography should be done unless MR imaging is diagnostic for CVT in any patient with presumed IIH, to rule out this condition. Lin et al 34 found that 9.4% of patients (10 of 106) meeting criteria for IIH had thrombosis evident on MR venography.…”